都市中心地區家長對戶外休閒場所供給兒童活動滿意度之研究

Parental Satisfaction for the Spatial affordance for Children’s Activities in Outdoor Leisure Venues of Urban Central Areas

近年來，都市內的休閒場所供給越來越多元，於都市中的公共設施，隨著都市發展與居民休閒活動型態的改變，在對都市居民的空間供給型態上亦有所改變；故本研究以都市兒童為研究對象，並以台北市都市中心地區─大安區仁愛國小學期為例，從家長角度，了解都市家長對都市中心地區鄰里戶外空間，提供孩童戶外活動空間供給之滿意度。研究者先歸納相關文獻以建構家長對鄰里戶外休閒場所供給分項在認知上之面向，並探討家長對鄰里戶外休閒場所供給滿意度，最後建構都市中心地區家長對鄰里戶外休閒場所供給滿意度分析模型。研究結果顯示，家長對大型開放空間在監視與機能供給的滿意度，為所有兒童活動戶外空間供給中最高者；小型開放空間在安全面向與機能面向供給程度較高，在社交面向供給程度較低；至於家長對鄰里巷弄供給，則偏向安全、社交與可及面向，並認為鄰里巷弄較無法提供機能面向之供給；此外，家長認為鄰里學校提供可及與社交面向的供給，並認為鄰里學校在兒童活動之空間供給程度上，均不如其他類型鄰里開放空間。此外，至於家長對各類鄰里空間實際供給的內容方面，則可發現家長仍以安全供給面向之供給為主，至於安全面向之影響因素，則以「車輛少」、「無治安死角」、「出入份子單純」為主要顯著之影響因素；在社交面向供給之影響因素，則以「兒童常群聚」為主要影響因素；在機能供給面向之影響因素方面，則以「地面平坦」、「有遮蔽物」為主要影響因素；在可及性面向供給則著重在「離家近」之功能；由此可知家長對於鄰里空間在供給兒童活動之因素，著重在交通與治安安全（車輛少、無治安死角）面向之供給為主，對於機能面向供給之因素，則偏向簡單的「地面平坦」、「有遮蔽物」為主之簡易空間供給功能。 In recent years, the affordance of urban leisure venues has become increasingly diverse. Affordance of public facilities in urban areas has evolved with urban development and changes in the leisure activities undertaken by urban residents. Children living in the urban area of the Ren Ai Elementary School District in Central Taipei City were recruited as research participants. A parental perspective was adopted to determine the parents’ satisfaction with the spatial affordance of outdoor venues for children living in urban areas. Through drawing on previous studies to determine the parents’ cognitive dimensions related to the spatial affordance of neighborhood outdoor leisure venues, parental satisfaction with outdoor leisure venues in urban central areas was examined to establish and analyze a satisfaction model. The research results indicate that parental satisfaction was the highest toward the affordance of surveillance and functional in large open spaces among the affordance orientations in outdoor leisure venues for children. In small open spaces, parental satisfaction with safety and functional orientations was high, whereas that for the social orientation was low. In addition, parents reported that neighborhood spatial affordance provided the safety, social, and accessibility orientations but lacked spatial affordance in the functional orientation. Furthermore, parents considered that neighborhood schools provided accessibility and social orientations; however, the spatial affordance of children’s activities in schools in the studied neighborhood was inferior to those in other open spaces around the neighborhood. The affordance of safety orientations was the parents’ primary concern among the practical factors of spatial affordance in neighborhoods. The primary factors critically influencing safety orientation include minimal traffic, no blind spots, and no suspicious people. Social orientation was significantly influenced by the popularity of locations for children. Factors significantly influencing the functional orientation were flat surface and areas that provide adequate shelter. Regarding accessibility orientation, parents stressed the importance of areas being located close to home. In conclusion, regarding the spatial affordance of children’s activities in neighborhood spaces, the parents emphasized the importance of the spatial affordance of traffic and safety orientations (i.e., minimum traffic and no blind spots), and the importance of functional orientation affordance, such as having a flat surface and adequate shelter was also highlighted.

In recent years, the affordance of urban leisure venues has become increasingly diverse. Affordance of public facilities in urban areas has evolved with urban development and changes in the leisure activities undertaken by urban residents. Children living in the urban area of the Ren Ai Elementary School District in Central Taipei City were recruited as research participants. A parental perspective was adopted to determine the parents’ satisfaction with the spatial affordance of outdoor venues for children living in urban areas. Through drawing on previous studies to determine the parents’ cognitive dimensions related to the spatial affordance of neighborhood outdoor leisure venues, parental satisfaction with outdoor leisure venues in urban central areas was examined to establish and analyze a satisfaction model. The research results indicate that parental satisfaction was the highest toward the affordance of surveillance and functional in large open spaces among the affordance orientations in outdoor leisure venues for children. In small open spaces, parental satisfaction with safety and functional orientations was high, whereas that for the social orientation was low. In addition, parents reported that neighborhood spatial affordance provided the safety, social, and accessibility orientations but lacked spatial affordance in the functional orientation. Furthermore, parents considered that neighborhood schools provided accessibility and social orientations; however, the spatial affordance of children’s activities in schools in the studied neighborhood was inferior to those in other open spaces around the neighborhood. The affordance of safety orientations was the parents’ primary concern among the practical factors of spatial affordance in neighborhoods. The primary factors critically influencing safety orientation include minimal traffic, no blind spots, and no suspicious people. Social orientation was significantly influenced by the popularity of locations for children. Factors significantly influencing the functional orientation were flat surface and areas that provide adequate shelter. Regarding accessibility orientation, parents stressed the importance of areas being located close to home. In conclusion, regarding the spatial affordance of children’s activities in neighborhood spaces, the parents emphasized the importance of the spatial affordance of traffic and safety orientations (i.e., minimum traffic and no blind spots), and the importance of functional orientation affordance, such as having a flat surface and adequate shelter was also highlighted.