台灣老人居住安排與生活滿意度關係之區域差異分析

The Relationship between the Living Arrangement and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly – a Discussion of Four Regions in Taiwan

高齡化社會的來臨，老人生活滿意度為成功老化之重要變項。由於老人較年輕人更倚賴家庭，因此傾向透過居住安排獲得來自子女及配偶的支持。基於台灣各區域的人口、社會資源與地方經濟存在差異，本研究欲進一步探討影響老人居住安排、健康、經濟狀況與社會支持對生活滿意度影響之區域差異。本研究使用民國94年老人狀況調查的資料和階層式迴歸模型進行居住實證分析。研究發現：首先，台灣社會老人與子女同住對老人生活滿意度沒有顯著的影響，但是老人現實居住安排符合理想且皆為與子女同住對生活滿意度有顯著的正向的影響。其次，區域間經濟環境的差異，如就業人口外流、不動產持有成本高昂等，可能造成不同區域老人生活滿意度的差異。政策意涵意謂應尊重老人居住安排的選擇，同時政府宜給予經濟狀況不佳的老人特殊扶助，以提升其生活滿意度。 Life satisfaction of the elderly is an important factor of aging successfully in an aging society. Given that the elderly depend on family more than the young people do, they receive support from children and spouse through living arrangement.Based on the unbalanced development of the four regions in Taiwan, this study argues the gaps in social resources and local economy performance between the regions will have different effects on the living arrangements and life satisfaction of the elderly in those areas. The study uses the data from the Elderly Situation Survey in 2005and hierarchical regression model to explore the elderly’s living arrangements, financial status, health condition, and social support on their life satisfaction. The important finding of the study is that the elderly living in ideal living arrangement and with their children tend to have a greater impact on their life satisfaction than that the elderly living alone. There are differences in the four regions because the outward migration for employment and the high-priced real estate have significantly affected the elderly’s life satisfaction. The results imply that children should respect the living arrangement chosen by the elderly and government may consider to subsidy the elderly with weak economic status for raising their life satisfaction.

Life satisfaction of the elderly is an important factor of aging successfully in an aging society. Given that the elderly depend on family more than the young people do, they receive support from children and spouse through living arrangement.Based on the unbalanced development of the four regions in Taiwan, this study argues the gaps in social resources and local economy performance between the regions will have different effects on the living arrangements and life satisfaction of the elderly in those areas. The study uses the data from the Elderly Situation Survey in 2005and hierarchical regression model to explore the elderly’s living arrangements, financial status, health condition, and social support on their life satisfaction. The important finding of the study is that the elderly living in ideal living arrangement and with their children tend to have a greater impact on their life satisfaction than that the elderly living alone. There are differences in the four regions because the outward migration for employment and the high-priced real estate have significantly affected the elderly’s life satisfaction. The results imply that children should respect the living arrangement chosen by the elderly and government may consider to subsidy the elderly with weak economic status for raising their life satisfaction.