產業區的知識型態與空間演化：以新竹為例

Spatial Dynamics of Industrial Districts in Knowledge Cities: a Case Study of Hsinchu, Taiwan

在全球化與國際競爭驅使下，知識產業群聚發展已成為提升城市競爭力的重要因子，雖然地方產業群聚已是經常被分析和討論的發展現象，然而過去研究普遍聚焦於地方群聚的特點或是其成功的原因上，以致對地方知識產業之長期發展現象較缺乏實證探討。基此，本研究以新竹地區為實證研究對象，並以量化架構解析新竹主要產業的空間和知識演化以及與創新之關聯。首先，本研究歷年工商及服務業普查報告來界定新竹地區的主要產業，並且透過其區位商數的變化，發現新竹地區主要產業存有顯著之差異。其次，以曲線迴歸分析新竹主要產業的動態演變，結果顯示化學材料與化學製品製造業、非金屬礦物製品製造業、以及支援服務業等，在過去15年間產業群聚現象傾向有衰退的趨勢，而與新竹科學園區有密切相關的電子零組件製造業、電腦及電子產品、以及光學製品製造業等仍維持平穩的發展。最後，本研究以簡單邏輯斯迴歸分析檢視地方產業與創新之關聯，在產品創新與產品創新佔營業額百分比此二變項中，電子零組件製造業、電腦及電子產品、以及光學製品製造業等為穩定發展的產業，且呈現顯著的正向變化，顯示新竹地區穩定發展的產業仍不斷的強化引入新知識於產品的開發與創新。而由廠商創新活動也發現，其知識型態正由內部倚賴模式轉換為立基於以地方為基礎之更廣的連結與凝聚模式。 Driven by globalization and international competition, the development of clusters of knowledge-based corporations has become an important factor in increasing the competitiveness of cities. Whereas previous studies have tended to focus on the characteristics of local clusters and the causes of their success, empirical studies of the long-term development of local knowledge-based industries are few. Accordingly, this investigation takes the Hsinchu region as its subject, and quantitatively analyzes the correlation between the spatial dynamics of knowledge in major industries and innovation based on empirical data. First, the annual Taiwan Industry, Commerce and Service Census is utilized to identify major industries in the Hsinchu region. Significant differences in the major industries in the Hsinchu are identified from variations in their location quotients. Second, the dynamic evolution of major industries in the Hsinchu district is analyzed by curvilinear regression analysis. The results reveal that the clustering of chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing, non-metallic mineral product manufacturing, and support service industries, has been falling over the last 15 years, while industries with close ties to HSIP, including electronic components manufacturing, computer and electronic product manufacturing, and the manufacturing of other optical products, have remained stable. Finally, simple logistic regression is used to elucidate the correlation between the local industries and innovation. Two variables, product innovation and percentage of turnover invested in product innovation, have both increased significantly in electronic component manufacturing, computer and electronic product manufacturing, and optical product manufacturing industries. This finding shows that steadily developing industries in the Hsinchu region have continued to strengthen their new knowledge of product development and innovation. An overview of innovative activities of firms also revealed that their knowledge patterns have been changing from patterns of internal dependency to a locality-based, broader networking and agglomeration pattern.

Driven by globalization and international competition, the development of clusters of knowledge-based corporations has become an important factor in increasing the competitiveness of cities. Whereas previous studies have tended to focus on the characteristics of local clusters and the causes of their success, empirical studies of the long-term development of local knowledge-based industries are few. Accordingly, this investigation takes the Hsinchu region as its subject, and quantitatively analyzes the correlation between the spatial dynamics of knowledge in major industries and innovation based on empirical data. First, the annual Taiwan Industry, Commerce and Service Census is utilized to identify major industries in the Hsinchu region. Significant differences in the major industries in the Hsinchu are identified from variations in their location quotients. Second, the dynamic evolution of major industries in the Hsinchu district is analyzed by curvilinear regression analysis. The results reveal that the clustering of chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing, non-metallic mineral product manufacturing, and support service industries, has been falling over the last 15 years, while industries with close ties to HSIP, including electronic components manufacturing, computer and electronic product manufacturing, and the manufacturing of other optical products, have remained stable. Finally, simple logistic regression is used to elucidate the correlation between the local industries and innovation. Two variables, product innovation and percentage of turnover invested in product innovation, have both increased significantly in electronic component manufacturing, computer and electronic product manufacturing, and optical product manufacturing industries. This finding shows that steadily developing industries in the Hsinchu region have continued to strengthen their new knowledge of product development and innovation. An overview of innovative activities of firms also revealed that their knowledge patterns have been changing from patterns of internal dependency to a locality-based, broader networking and agglomeration pattern.