都市化與居住隔離之探討──以台北縣原住民為例

A Study on Urbanization and Residential Segregation-an Example of Aborigines in Taipei County

在歐美常見的居住隔離有貧民窟、門禁社區、黑人區等；在臺灣隨著都市的發展，原本居住在山區的原住民無法在原鄉生存，紛紛進入都市中求生存，特別是台北及高雄。進入都市的原住民由於本身弱勢的社經地位，以及都市住宅租金與房價昂貴，遷入都市的原住民無力負擔住宅成本，僅能自行興建簡易的住宅。本文透過Massey and Denton（1988）所建立之隔離指數進行臺北縣各鄉鎮市居住隔離的測量，並且配合地理資訊系統分析各鄉鎮市居住隔離的差異程度，以了解臺北縣居住隔離在空間上的差異。利用多元線性迴歸操作結果顯示：台北縣的居住隔離指標分布在[0.0966, 0.5803]間，其中隔離程度最嚴重地區為萬里鄉、而最輕微的地區則是烏來鄉；「都市生活圈」、「都市化程度」與「平均區段地價」等顯著且正面影響居住隔離程度。 Residential segregation patterns like ghetto, gated community, and black area are often analyzed in United States and Europe and aborigines in Taiwan, especially Taipei or Kaoshung Metropolis, cannot live in Homeland due to urban development policies. Inferior socioeconomic status of Aborigines in cities and high level in rent as well as price of housing may lead aborigines into unaffordability in housing. They can only construct simple but illegal housing by like San-Ying Tribal, Sindian-River riverside, and Taiyuan Tahan-River riverside by themselves. This study applied index of segregation established by Massey and Denton in 1988 and worked with Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate residential segregation levels of Towns in Taipei County for the purpose of investigating the differences in segregation levels among these Towns. The demonstrative results from Multivariate linear regression show that: index of residential segregation in Taipei County distributes between 0.0966 and 0.5803, the most seriously segregated district is Wan-Li Town and the most slightly segregated one is Wu-Lai Town; independent variables in this study such as “metropolitan living perimeters”, “urbanization level”, and “average land value” positively influence residential segregation significantly.

Residential segregation patterns like ghetto, gated community, and black area are often analyzed in United States and Europe and aborigines in Taiwan, especially Taipei or Kaoshung Metropolis, cannot live in Homeland due to urban development policies. Inferior socioeconomic status of Aborigines in cities and high level in rent as well as price of housing may lead aborigines into unaffordability in housing. They can only construct simple but illegal housing by like San-Ying Tribal, Sindian-River riverside, and Taiyuan Tahan-River riverside by themselves. This study applied index of segregation established by Massey and Denton in 1988 and worked with Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate residential segregation levels of Towns in Taipei County for the purpose of investigating the differences in segregation levels among these Towns. The demonstrative results from Multivariate linear regression show that: index of residential segregation in Taipei County distributes between 0.0966 and 0.5803, the most seriously segregated district is Wan-Li Town and the most slightly segregated one is Wu-Lai Town; independent variables in this study such as “metropolitan living perimeters”, “urbanization level”, and “average land value” positively influence residential segregation significantly.