捷運鐵路列車延滯事件發生後行車調度策略之模擬分析

A Simulation Study on Rescheduling Strategies of a Rail Transit Line with a Primary Delay

捷運鐵路經常發生一些隨機性之小事件，並造成某列車之主要延滯，接者將影響後續列車的運行，形成延滯擴散現象，因而對旅客與鐵路營運人員產生極大的不便，因此事件發生後之行車調度十分重要。本研究發展一個事件導向的模擬程式，在已知列車運行計畫、旅客各時段起迄需求量、鐵路路線及場站資料下，模擬列車之運行、到站、停車、離站等運作，而得到列車運行結果；本模式同時可以模擬旅客之到站、月台等候、上車、與下車離站之旅行過程。利用此模擬模式，本研究探討某日上午尖峰正常運行及外生事件發生後的列車運行績效，並探討事件發生時採取各種行車調度策略的運行績效。系統績效指標包括：旅客觀點之平均旅行時間與列車乘載率差異，及行車調度人員觀點之延滯列車站數與系統延滯時間等。而運轉整理策略包含：站間趕點與月台趕點之趕點策略、抓前車與抓後車之間距控制策略、及刪除列車策略。本研究以淡水線之實際資料，針對尖峰時刻於起站發生的一個主要延滯事件進行測試，發現對旅客與營運人員而言，運轉整理都可以有效地增進列車運行績效。 The paper presents a simulation model to investigate the rescheduling operation of a rail transit line with a disturbance, such as the technical failure of an operation device. Rescheduling operation is vital for a rail line under abnormal condition, because a primary delay of one train may cause severe consequent delays for the following trains. This study develops an event-oriented model to simulate the flows of train traffic and passenger traffic, under either the normal operation condition or the abnormal condition with rescheduling operation. Three types of rescheduling operations are considered: (1) speed and time control to reduce regular dwell time and/or running time; (2) holding the preceding and/or succeeding succeeding train to regulate headway; and (3) cancellation the operation of delayed trains. Four criteria are used to evaluate the performance of rescheduling operation: (1) the average travel time; (2) the load factor difference; (3) the number of delayed trains; and (4) the total delay time of system. A case study of Tamshui line with a primary delay is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and to show various observations for the rescheduling operation.

The paper presents a simulation model to investigate the rescheduling operation of a rail transit line with a disturbance, such as the technical failure of an operation device. Rescheduling operation is vital for a rail line under abnormal condition, because a primary delay of one train may cause severe consequent delays for the following trains. This study develops an event-oriented model to simulate the flows of train traffic and passenger traffic, under either the normal operation condition or the abnormal condition with rescheduling operation. Three types of rescheduling operations are considered: (1) speed and time control to reduce regular dwell time and/or running time; (2) holding the preceding and/or succeeding succeeding train to regulate headway; and (3) cancellation the operation of delayed trains. Four criteria are used to evaluate the performance of rescheduling operation: (1) the average travel time; (2) the load factor difference; (3) the number of delayed trains; and (4) the total delay time of system. A case study of Tamshui line with a primary delay is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and to show various observations for the rescheduling operation.