Recent progress in natural dietary non-phenolic bioactives on cancers metastasis

From several decades ago to now, cancer continues to be the leading cause of deathworldwide, and metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. For health benefits,there is a great desire to use non-chemical therapy such as nutraceutical supplementationto prevent pathology development. Over 10,000 different natural bioactives or phytochemicalshave been known that possessing potential preventive or supplementary effectsfor various diseases including cancer. Previously, the in vitro and in vivo anti-invasive andanti-metastatic activities of phenolic acids, monophenol, polyphenol and their derivativesand flavonoids and their derivatives have been reviewed. However, a vast number ofnatural dietary compounds other than phenolics have been demonstrated to potentiallypossess the ability to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of various cancers. In this review,we summarize the studies in recent decade on in vitro and in vivo effects and molecularmechanisms of natural bioactives, excluding the phenolics in food, in cancer invasion andmetastasis. By combining this review of non-phenolics with the previous phenolics reviews,the puzzle for the contribution of natural dietary bioactives on cancer invasive or/and metastatic progress will be almost complete and more clear.