Benefaction of probiotics for human health: A review

Humans are a unique reservoir of heterogeneous and vivacious group of microbes, whichtogether forms the human-microbiome superorganism. Human gut serves as a home toover 100e1000 microbial species, which primarily modulate the host internal environmentand thereby, play a major role in host health. This spectacular symbiotic relationship hasattracted extensive research in this field. More specifically, these organisms play key rolesin defense function, eupepsia along with catabolism and anabolism, and impact brain-gutresponses. The emergence of microbiota with resistance and tolerance to existing conventionaldrugs and antibiotics has decreased the drug efficacies. Furthermore, the modernbiotechnology mediated nano-encapsulated multiplex supplements appear to be high costand inconvenient. Henceforth, a simple, low-cost, receptive and intrinsic approach toachieve health benefits is vital in the present era. Supplementation with probiotics,prebiotics, and synbiotics has shown promising results against various enteric pathogensdue to their unique ability to compete with pathogenic microbiota for adhesion sites, toalienate pathogens or to stimulate, modulate and regulate the host's immune response byinitiating the activation of specific genes in and outside the host intestinal tract. Probioticshave also been shown to regulate fat storage and stimulate intestinal angiogenesis. Hence,this study aims to underline the possible beneficial impact of probiotics for human healthand medical sectors and for better lifestyle.