逐月養胎理論淵源考

A Research on the Theoretical Origins of Monthly Fetus Nurture

逐月養胎理論就是中醫的優生學，後人以逐月養胎法為北齊醫家徐之才首創，是由於《備急千金要方‧卷第二婦人方上‧養胎第三》中有完整的十月養胎生活飲食宜忌、針灸禁忌、精神調攝及藥物治療的論述，並言明其內容出處來自「徐之才逐月養胎方」，然而，徐之才的著作現今都已亡佚，後人無從得知逐月養胎法的理論根據為何，本文由現存典籍及出土文物去探析研究其可能的理論淵源。研究結果發現到，《黃帝內經》時期的醫家有些應當有分經養胎的知識，馬王堆的《胎產書》證實西漢以前的醫家對於姙娠十月胚胎逐月發育的重點與相對應的養胎法（包括胎教與胎兒性別的決定）已發展出一套理論，而東漢張仲景與西晉王叔和則已經於臨床運用逐月養胎的理論來為孕婦診治，北齊徐之才可能是在這些前人的基礎上再結合自身臨床的經驗而創立出所謂的「徐之才逐月養胎方」，雖然其醫學著作目前均已亡佚，但我們可藉由隋巢元方的《諸病源候論》及唐孫思邈的《備急千金要方》以了解其理論內容，並從《備急千金要方》的記載來研究其湯方證治。 Monthly Fetus Nurture theory is the eugenics of traditional Chinese medicine. There is a comprehensive explanation including daily life and diet taboo, acupuncture taboo, psychological adjustment and drug treatment of ten-month conception in Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang. Because Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang said that the content of Monthly Fetus Nurture Prescription came from Zhi-Chi Xu, therefore, the later generations consider him as a pioneer of Monthly Fetus Nurture theory. All works of Zhi-Chi Xu are now lost, we can not know the theoretical basis for his Monthly Fetus Nurture Method. This article try to explore the possible theoretical origins of Monthly Fetus Nurture from the existing books and unearthed cultural relics. Our findings suggest that some doctors in Huangdi Neijing must had the knowledge of Monthly Fetus Nurture. Taichanshu of Ma Wangdui showed that before the Western Han Dynasty, doctors might develop the theory and methods of Monthly Fetus Nurture including prenatal education and sexual selection. Both Zong-jing Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Sh-He Wang in the Western Jin Dynasty used the theory of Monthly Fetus Nurture to treat the pregnant women in clinic. Untill Zhi-Chi Xu in the Northern Qi Dynasty, he possibly integrated the works of these predecessor with his own clinical experiences into so-called ＂Monthly Fetus Nurture Prescription of Zhi-Chi Xu＂. Although all medical works of Zhi-Chi Xu are now lost, we can learn the theory of Monthly Fetus Nurture by studying Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun of Yuan-Fang Chao in the Sui Dynasty or Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang of Si-miao Sun in the Tang Dynasty, and study the prescription of Monthly Fetus Nurture in Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang.

Monthly Fetus Nurture theory is the eugenics of traditional Chinese medicine. There is a comprehensive explanation including daily life and diet taboo, acupuncture taboo, psychological adjustment and drug treatment of ten-month conception in Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang. Because Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang said that the content of Monthly Fetus Nurture Prescription came from Zhi-Chi Xu, therefore, the later generations consider him as a pioneer of Monthly Fetus Nurture theory. All works of Zhi-Chi Xu are now lost, we can not know the theoretical basis for his Monthly Fetus Nurture Method. This article try to explore the possible theoretical origins of Monthly Fetus Nurture from the existing books and unearthed cultural relics. Our findings suggest that some doctors in Huangdi Neijing must had the knowledge of Monthly Fetus Nurture. Taichanshu of Ma Wangdui showed that before the Western Han Dynasty, doctors might develop the theory and methods of Monthly Fetus Nurture including prenatal education and sexual selection. Both Zong-jing Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Sh-He Wang in the Western Jin Dynasty used the theory of Monthly Fetus Nurture to treat the pregnant women in clinic. Untill Zhi-Chi Xu in the Northern Qi Dynasty, he possibly integrated the works of these predecessor with his own clinical experiences into so-called ＂Monthly Fetus Nurture Prescription of Zhi-Chi Xu＂. Although all medical works of Zhi-Chi Xu are now lost, we can learn the theory of Monthly Fetus Nurture by studying Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun of Yuan-Fang Chao in the Sui Dynasty or Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang of Si-miao Sun in the Tang Dynasty, and study the prescription of Monthly Fetus Nurture in Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang.