初論被馴化的明治國家意識型態之展現：以松村介石之「道」為例

A Preliminary Study on the Expression of the Tamed Imperial Ideology in the Meiji Era: A Focus on the “Dou” of Matsumura Kaiseki

在《明治憲法》、《教育敕語》頒佈後，天皇制國家意識型態已清楚確立，且於不敬事件以及教育與宗教衝突論戰之後，亦成為輿論思想界不可挑戰之最高價值。本論文基於如上之概念，聚焦於松村介石之「道」，嘗試分析松村所主張的「道」，並指出在《修養錄》及《修養四書》二書中「道」的主張逐漸成形，其主旨可以「萬教歸道」囊括，其思想內容雖歸納了基督教、佛教、儒教所說的神與道，然而，實質上卻抵觸了基督教的唯一真神思維，也迴避了各宗教教義間之矛盾，更迴避了對神道的神與道之討論，就此而言，松村的主張亦可謂是一種被馴化後而有的明治國家意識型態之展現。 Modern Japanese imperial ideology was firmly established after the announcement of the Meiji Constitutionand Imperial Rescript on Education.Such ideologyfurther became an unchallengeable and highest principle to the public opinion and intellectual circle after the Lese-Majesty Incident and the controversy between national education and religion.Based on the above concept, this essay focuses and attempts to analyze Matsumura Kaiseki’s notion of “Dou.”My research tries to point out that Matsumura’s idea of “Dou” was developed step by step in his two books, Shuyorokuand Shuyoshisho.The core of Matsumura’s idea refers to “all religions are included in ‘Dou’.” His thought, on one hand, concludes the concept of “Kami (God)” and “Dou (Way)” which are implicated in Christianity, Buddhism, and Confucianism.On the other hand, it not only contradicts Christian doctrine of the only true God and ignores paradoxes in all religions, but also eschews discussions on Shinto’s concept of “Kami” and “Dou.”In sum, Matsumura’s notion is an expression of tamed imperial ideology in the Meiji Era.

Modern Japanese imperial ideology was firmly established after the announcement of the Meiji Constitutionand Imperial Rescript on Education.Such ideologyfurther became an unchallengeable and highest principle to the public opinion and intellectual circle after the Lese-Majesty Incident and the controversy between national education and religion.Based on the above concept, this essay focuses and attempts to analyze Matsumura Kaiseki’s notion of “Dou.”My research tries to point out that Matsumura’s idea of “Dou” was developed step by step in his two books, Shuyorokuand Shuyoshisho.The core of Matsumura’s idea refers to “all religions are included in ‘Dou’.” His thought, on one hand, concludes the concept of “Kami (God)” and “Dou (Way)” which are implicated in Christianity, Buddhism, and Confucianism.On the other hand, it not only contradicts Christian doctrine of the only true God and ignores paradoxes in all religions, but also eschews discussions on Shinto’s concept of “Kami” and “Dou.”In sum, Matsumura’s notion is an expression of tamed imperial ideology in the Meiji Era.