PP 日米農産物マーケットアクセス 交渉の研究–日本農産物市場開放戦略–

TPP日美農產品貿易談判的研究――日本農產品市場開放策略（TPP Negotiations in Agricultural Products Between the U.S. and Japan: A Study of Japan's Agricultural Trade Liberalizing Strategies）

2016年2月，12個TPP談判國簽署TPP協定。貨品市場開放談判的結果，日本整體貨品9,321稅項的自由化比例為95%，農林漁牧產品2,594稅項的自由化比例為82%，而稻米、小麥、砂糖、牛豬肉、乳製品等五項重要農產品的自由化比率29%。在要求高自由化水準的TPP談判中，日本如何達成此結果？美日農產品貿易談判達成共識與否是TPP貨品市場開放談判成敗的關鍵。本研究針對TPP美日農產品貿易談判歸納日本三項主要貨品市場開放策略、五項農產品市場開放策略、政策意涵及對台灣的啟示。 After five and a half years of negotiations, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was finally concluded in October 2015, with the 12 TPP member countries signing the Agreement in February 2016. Regarding market access concessions, however, Japanese goods liberalization falls short of TPP expectations of 100%. Japan agreed to a liberalization ratio of tradable items of 95% and a liberalization ratio for agricultural items of 82%. In particular, for the five most sensitive products — rice, wheat, beef and pork, dairy and sugar — the liberalization ratio was settled at 29%. In light of these concessions, this article clarifies and analyzes the reasons why, as well as how, Japan has been able to maintain this relatively low level of liberalization in the market access concession for its agricultural sector. It finds that U.S.-Japan bilateral market access concessions in the agricultural sector account for the success of overall TPP market access negotiations. Through analysing the case study of bilateral TPP negotiations between the United States and Japan in the agricultural sector, this paper explains the three major goods market access negotiation strategies and five agriculture market access negotiation strategies employed by Japan. Finally, it considers the policy implications of these negotiations for Taiwan.

After five and a half years of negotiations, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was finally concluded in October 2015, with the 12 TPP member countries signing the Agreement in February 2016. Regarding market access concessions, however, Japanese goods liberalization falls short of TPP expectations of 100%. Japan agreed to a liberalization ratio of tradable items of 95% and a liberalization ratio for agricultural items of 82%. In particular, for the five most sensitive products — rice, wheat, beef and pork, dairy and sugar — the liberalization ratio was settled at 29%. In light of these concessions, this article clarifies and analyzes the reasons why, as well as how, Japan has been able to maintain this relatively low level of liberalization in the market access concession for its agricultural sector. It finds that U.S.-Japan bilateral market access concessions in the agricultural sector account for the success of overall TPP market access negotiations. Through analysing the case study of bilateral TPP negotiations between the United States and Japan in the agricultural sector, this paper explains the three major goods market access negotiation strategies and five agriculture market access negotiation strategies employed by Japan. Finally, it considers the policy implications of these negotiations for Taiwan.