習近平執政時期之民族問題與政治論辯（Debate Over China's Minority Ethnicity Issues and Policy under Xi Jinping）

習近平政権期における民族問題と 政策論争

2008年西藏爆發動亂，爾後2009年烏魯木齊發生動亂，相繼發生的少數民族紛爭，使中國的民族問題在短時間內引發國際高度關注。2012年習近平上任後，其執政期間，頻繁發生民族紛爭問題，對此，中國政府皆採取西藏和維吾爾問題，乃是國家分裂運動抑或是恐怖攻擊，並非民族問題的立場，因此採取切割民族政策，而從安全保障政策抑或社會治安問題對策來著手。然而，亦不可為此斷言中國政府沒有擬定民族問題的相關政策，反之，對於中國今後的民族問題政策走向，各界紛紛提出論點，引起論辯。其中，朱維群主張，在不強調民族差異的原則下，改變現有的民族問題政策方向；中國民族報特約評論家則主張，應維持現有的民族政策方針，以上為本文欲探討之核心。雖論辯尚未得出結論，然而不可否認的是，少數民族地區的社會結構若發生變化，民族問題政策仍存在多所變因。 In the wake of rioting in Tibet and Urumqi in 2008 and 2009, China's ‘ethnic problems' have attracted increasing international attention. Tension between China's minority ethnicities and the central government have continued to smolder even after Xi Jinping's assumption of power as president in 2012. Officially, however the Chinese government continues to define these issues as terrorist or secessionist, rather than inter-ethnic, thereby subsuming ethnic policy under national security and public security. Rather than resolving these ‘ethnic issues', this development has triggered vigorous debate about new policies that should be adopted deal with unresolved tensions. This article discusses two proposals that have arisen from these debates. First, the proposal supported by Zhu Weiqun that ethnic minority policies should be modified to de-emphasize ethnic differences. Second, the view endorsed by China Ethnic News (Zhongguo Minzu Bao) – published by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China – supporting the status quo. While debate continues, this article concludes that a real shift in ethnic policy may be possible if social structures in ethnic minority communities also change.

In the wake of rioting in Tibet and Urumqi in 2008 and 2009, China's ‘ethnic problems' have attracted increasing international attention. Tension between China's minority ethnicities and the central government have continued to smolder even after Xi Jinping's assumption of power as president in 2012. Officially, however the Chinese government continues to define these issues as terrorist or secessionist, rather than inter-ethnic, thereby subsuming ethnic policy under national security and public security. Rather than resolving these ‘ethnic issues', this development has triggered vigorous debate about new policies that should be adopted deal with unresolved tensions. This article discusses two proposals that have arisen from these debates. First, the proposal supported by Zhu Weiqun that ethnic minority policies should be modified to de-emphasize ethnic differences. Second, the view endorsed by China Ethnic News (Zhongguo Minzu Bao) – published by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China – supporting the status quo. While debate continues, this article concludes that a real shift in ethnic policy may be possible if social structures in ethnic minority communities also change.