眾星拱月的《程傳》──論《程傳》問世的效應與朱子《易》學以何獨霸及對明清數學之影響

on the Impact of Cheng’s Yizhuan, the Importance of Zhu Xi’s Interpretation of Yi Jing, and their Influence on the Mathematics in Ming and Qing Dynasties

程頤著《程氏易傳》，是理學家詮釋《周易》的代表作，也是宋學指標，即宋人創造的精神實體；此外，更是儒家《易》的經典之作與最大功臣，因為終結王弼道家《易》七百年風行獨霸之局，而重啟儒《易》天下。這樣一部經典到底對當代及後世產生何種影響，是本文要探究的。而朱子《易》學又如何在《程氏易傳》的光芒下成為新亮點，而出類拔萃，至躍升一代學術巨星，獲官方肯定、帝王寵愛獨尊，而左右學術潮流超過七百年，至影響數以千萬計士子之功名前程，成為繼孔子之後，影響中國文化政教、觀念道德及民族性最深之人，更是我們必須瞭解的。本論文不僅分析二人在脈絡上的繼承離合，更進一步探索理學對明清數學之影響，期能對程朱《易》學之流變，作系統而相應之表述；更對宋元以後中國主流學術之源起、發展、稱霸、影響與沒落進行更清晰的解讀，以還原歷史實況，評價歷史責任。

Cheng Yi is the author of Cheng’s Yizhuan, which is regarded as the representative work of interpreting Zhouyi by Neo-Confucians, as well as the indicator of philosophy in Song Dynasty. Cheng’s Yizhuan is the concrete product of the spirit of time in Song Dynasty. It is not only the most classical piece in the field of Confucian Yi Jing, but also the terminator of Wang Bi’s Taoist interpretation of Yi Jing which had been dominant for seven hundred years at that time. Cheng’s Yizhuan let Confucian interpretation of Yi Jing become dominant in China again. The huge impact these classics brought to its contemporary time and the later generations were discussed in this study. Another issue which was raised in this study is how the Zhu Xi’s interpretation of Yi Jing became outstanding beneath the glory of Cheng’s Yizhuan. Zhu Xi’s interpretation of Yi Jing had become a new academic trend, which was approved by the contemporary authorities at his time as well as by the emperors. It had not only dominated the academia in China for more than seven hundred years, but also had determined thousands of students’ futures. In addition to Confucius, Zhu Xi has become the one who influenced Chinese culture, politics, education, morals, and ethic characteristics the most. The inheritance and variation between Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi were analyzed in this study. In hopes of corresponding to the changing interpretation of Yi Jing between Cheng-Yi and Zhu Xi, the influence Neo-Confucianism brought to the mathematics in Ming and Qing Dynasties was further explored systematically. A clearer and more comprehensive interpretation of Chinese academic mainstream including its origin, development, influence and decline was also provided in this study in order to uncover the historical truth and evaluate the responsibility to history.