薛紹徽的女學觀與婦女自我建構──以〈訓女詩〉十首為中心

The Feminist Scholarship and Self-Construal of Xue Shao Hui–Ten Poems on Lessons for Women

本文以〈訓女詩〉十首為中心，作為討論薛紹徽女學觀的文本。透過〈訓女詩〉十首和薛紹徽稱揚的女子楷模——班昭《女誡》做比較，探討晚清中國女教傳統面對現代化挑戰，所產生的內在變化。薛紹徽在反省晚清「士大夫倡興女學」所造成的問題後，重新肯定中國傳統女教的價值，其所建構出來的理想婦女典範，可用「才女」、「賢媛」、「巾幗儒生」來概括。她肯定婦女才學，也肯定儒家禮法；但在薛紹徽建構出來的婦女形象中，婦女不再是班昭《女誡》歷史條件下，被父權社會壓迫的「卑弱」婦女。傳統女教的德容言功、相夫教子，是婦女肯定家庭價值下的自我選擇。她進一步跨過一般女教的範疇，進入儒家君子之學所談的心性涵養層次，並以此來做自我規範。這是薛紹徽面對儒家禮法的態度，她不純然是個「他者」，此中已開始出現婦女「主體」的考量和選擇。

This study discussedXue Shao Hui’s feminist point of view by analyzing her ten poems on Lessons for Women. Comparing Xue’s ten poems and Commandments for Women, authored by Ban Zhao, a female role model whomXue highly praised, and this study demonstrated the internal change of education for women in late Qing Dynasty, when the society was confronted with the challenge of modern thinking. Reflecting on the problem arising from intellectuals advocating for feminist studies, Xue renewedthe affirmation for traditional education for women, and she constructed her ideal qualities of women: being talented, wise and virtuous, and valiant. She acclaimed both female talents and Confucian etiquette. However, the image of women that Xue constructed was no longer the oppressed and the weak in Ban Zhao’s historical conditions. Rather, she believed that women chose to meet traditional expectations on them because they affirmed the value of families. Furthermore, she drew on the concept of self-cultivation from Confucianism to regulate herself. Judging from Xue’s attitude toward Confucianism, this study concluded that women started to have subjective perspectives, rather than adopting a mere objective role.