論反不正當競爭的基本範式

On the Fundamental Paradigm of Anti-unfair Competition Law

反不正當競爭基本範式涉及不正當競爭的理念、價值、認定方式和標準，大體上可以歸結為競爭觀、損害觀和法益觀等“三觀”，並通過對於競爭行為進行利益衡量加以實現。這種“3+1”判斷模型，即“三觀”加上競爭行為正當性的利益衡量方法，構成反不正當競爭的基本維度。其中，“三觀”是觀念支撐，利益衡量是實現路徑，“3+1”模型構成了競爭行為正當性判斷的獨特範式。不正當競爭行為的認定應當奉行動態的競爭觀、損害中性和法益中性，並採取行為正當主義而非法益保護主義，且對於競爭行為的正當性判斷採取多因素利益衡量和利益比較。

The fundamental paradigm of anti-unfair competition law concerns the philosophies, values, patterns and criteria of defining what constitutes anti-unfair competition, which can be summarized as so-called 'three perspectives', including competition perspective, impairment perspective, and right perspective. It can also be achieved by further weighing the interests concerning competitive behaviors. This '3 + 1 ' judgement pattern, namely 'three perspectives' plus benefits measurement assessing the rationality of competitive behaviors, constitutes fundamental dimension of anti-competition law. Among '3 +1' judgement pattern, 'three perspectives' are philosophical footholds, and benefits measurement is the path to fulfillment, so '3 + 1' pattern constitutes the unique paradigm of assessing the rationality of competitive behaviors. The assessment of anti-unfair competition should adhere to dynamic competition perspective, neutrality of impairment and neutrality of rights. Further, the assessment also needs to concentrate on the rationality of behaviors rather than the protection of rights, and meanwhile, to do interests measurement by referring multi-factors to decide the rationality of competitive behaviors.