論基本權利競合

On Concurrence of Fundamental Rights

由於生活事實的多樣性、基本權利規範的性質和開放性，基本權利競合問題屢見不鮮。基本權利競合理論旨在解決應如何保障個人基本權利，並課予國家干預行為以論證負擔，在基本權利釋義學中佔有重要地位。經考察，可以發現德國的理論和實務無意提出一套統一的解決方案，而是傾向於個案解決，尤其在自由權的三階層審查框架中，其解決時間點和重心由基本權利保護範圍階段逐漸轉向基本權利干預阻卻違憲事由階段，即從規範排除轉向利益衡量。在缺乏基本權利審查實務的情形下，我國可以經由憲法釋義學的發展、形成基本權利價值體系以及個案的實踐調和為解決未來可能出現的基本權利競合問題提供預案。

Due to the diversities of facts in our lives, the nature and openness of the fundamental rights, the questions of concurrence of fundamental rights often arise. The theory of concurrence of fundamental rights intends not only to guarantee individual's fundamental rights but also to oblige the state to justify its interferences in such rights. It plays an important role in the doctrines of fundamental rights. However, the scholars do not pay enough attentions to it until the theoretical focus began to change recently. After inquiring into the German theories and practices, one might find that the principle of German approach to resolve such problems is open to consideration case by case, moreover, in the three-steps review framework of liberal rights, the resolution of such problem has been pushed forward, it means that the approach to reduce the number of fundamental rights involved has been replaced with the approach of weighting. In China, a theory of concurrence of fundamental rights might be improved by the development of constitutional doctrines.