數人侵權的共同訴訟問題研究

Study on Joint Actions in Multiple Tortfeasors

在我國，回溯性地將責任承擔方式作為判斷數人侵權之共同訴訟類型的標準，難以直接有效地明晰受害人起訴和法院審理中所面臨的訴訟主體問題。鑒於因果關係在實體法上是連接侵權行為和損害結果之間的橋樑，也是受害人起訴和法院裁判時所依據的重要內容，因此，緊扣因果關係核心，在尊重並正視程序的流動變化特性的基礎上，關注原告可以如何提出訴訟請求、可以向誰提出請求、需要怎樣的證明、法院可以如何審判等程序性問題，明確不同類型因果關係的數人侵權所適用的共同訴訟類型是不同的。最後，根據因果關係是單一或多元的標準，將多種數人侵權類型與多種共同訴訟類型依次對應，以釐清並細化數人侵權的共同訴訟問題。

According to joint liability or proportionate liability, it is difficult to judge which kind of joint action should be applied in multiple tortfeasors lawsuit. Specifically, since the plaintiff and the court may not be able to clearly judge the kind of responsibility at the beginning of the lawsuit, the defendant whom be accused by the plaintiff and the person whom be liable for the judgment may be different. However, causality is linking the torts and the infringement of facts in substantive law; it can also serve as a link between litigants' claim and court's judgment in litigation. On the basis of the development of the litigation procedure, we can take into account that causality is an important factor in multiple tortfeasors litigation. This article matches each type of multiple tortfeasors to different types of joint actions by distinguishing single causality or complex causality.