多數人侵權糾紛之共同訴訟類型研究 兼論訴訟標的之“案件事實”範圍的確定

A Study on the Types of Joint Litigation against Multiple Tortfeasors On the Determination of the Scope of the 'Fact of Case' of the Subject of Litigation

《民事訴訟法》第52條立足於當事人與訴訟標的的關係，將“訴訟標的之同一或同一種類”作為必要共同訴訟和普通共同訴訟的區分標準；而在司法實務中，法官卻立足於“案件基本事實的查明”來判斷多數人侵權糾紛審理的“分”與“合”。採納何種理論分析工具，才足以化解立法標準與司法標準兩者之間的差異，是本論文論證的核心。“訴訟標的”的內容範圍，可以通過“案件事實”這一可浮動元素加以控制。因此從“案件事實”是“請求所涉及的整體性的生活歷程”之涵義界定出發，以“實體上責任關係是否具有整體性”來確定不同的多數人侵權糾紛類型下“同一案件事實”的外延範圍，無疑是一種更為可行的共同訴訟類型的區分標準。

Basing on the relationship between the parties and the subject of 1itigatwn, Article 52 of the Civil Procedure Law makes the distinction of necessary joint litigation and ordinary joint litigation basing on the identity or similarity of the subject of litigation. In the judicial practice, the judge shall determine the type of litigation against multiple tortfeasors basing on the 'the findings of the basic facts of the case'. This thesis analyzes that which method should be adopted to bridge the differences between the legislative standard and the judicial standard. The scope of the 'subject of litigation' can be controlled by the floating concept of the 'facts of the case'. Therefore, a more practicable option is to ascertain the extent of the 'identity of the facts of the cases' where multiple tortfeasors are involved by 'whether the responsibility of the substantive relationship entity has integrity', while taking into account of 'durch den gesamten historischen Lebensvorgang bestimmt wird, auf den sich das Rechtsschutzbegehren des Klägers bezieht' (the entire process of life which is the subject of the appellant's legal protection to be determined).