越南民族獨立運動對台灣的啟發

Vietnam's National Independence Movement and Its Implication for Taiwan

越南不僅與台灣同樣受中國威脅，而且有更長久抵抗中國侵略的歷史經驗。越南自公元前111年受中國漢朝漢武帝吞併以來到公元938年期間，大約有一千多年受中國的直接統治。在939年越南人「吳權」建立越南封建王朝以來直到19世紀法國介入中越關係之前的這一千年，越南和中國維持著某種程度的宗藩關係。公元1885年清國與法國雙方於天津簽定條約協議停戰，清國正式放棄對越南的宗主國地位且承認越南改由法國保護。由於法國勢力的介入，越南得以擺脫千年以來和中國之間的宗藩關係。二次戰後，胡志明選擇麥克阿瑟發布第一號命令的1945年9月2日宣佈越南獨立，以避免越南淪為蔣介石二十萬大軍佔領下的中華民國一省。本論文檢視越南從北屬時期、封建時期、法國殖民地時期到民族國家獨立時期的轉變過程，並探討其成功之處與對台灣的啟發。

Vietnam has rich experience and a long history of resistance to China's aggression. Vietnam was under China's direct colonial control from 111 BC to 938 AD. In 939, Ngo Quyen established Vietnam's first feudal state. Thereafter, the suzerain-vassal relations between China and Vietnam existed until the emergence of French empire in the 19th century. In 1885, Chinese Qing Empire signed treaty with France and officially recognized France's suzerainty in Vietnam. After World War II, Vietnam's leader Ho Chi Minh announced the independence of Vietnam on September 2, 1945, the same day when General McArthur released the General Order No. 1. Ho's wise action had prevented Vietnam became a potential province of the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek's military occupation. This article examines why and how Vietnam has successfully transformed from a colony to a modern nation-state.