地緣強權夾縫中的捷克──國際現實與務實下的生存之道

The Czech Existence in the Crevice of the Geopolitical Power: International Realism and Pragmatism

捷克人的小國生存之道首先是因為他們能夠順從其歷史性格，而等待其歷史契機，捷克人一直在等待每個歷史發展機會，當危機來臨時，捷克人知道無需硬碰硬去鬥個你死我活，因為捷克文化的根紮得很深，只要文化不滅，民族就會長存。本文探討重點有三：首先，捷克在近代中東歐地緣政治的架構下，相對是個小國，但捷克為何能突破種種歷史困境而生存下來，並且求得發展？其次，捷克的小國生存之道，以捷克自身視角觀之，有何理論根據？第三，捷克的小國生存之道，能給台灣什麼啟發？筆者認為捷克的生存或立國之道，主要有三：其一，重視民族文化、其二，掌握歷史契機、其三、強調務實主義。捷克人的理想是置於務實主義的脈絡下，小國生存之道是先求生存，再求發展。從捷克的小國生存之道來看，台灣或許應該多思考務實主義的可能性，而非僅限於理想主義與現實主義。

The first and foremost reason for the survival of the Czechs is that they can conform to their historical character, while waiting for the historical opportunity; that is, the Czechs have been waiting every opportunity for historical development. The Czechs know no need to fight a battle, when the crisis comes, because the roots of the Czech culture were so deep that the nation would endure as long as the culture did not die. This article focuses on three main questions: first, the Czech Republic in modern Central and Eastern Europe under the framework of geopolitics, relatively a small country, but why the Czech Republic can break through the various historical difficulties and survive and develop? Secondly, what is the theoretical basis of the Czech own viewpoint for the survival of such a small country? Thirdly, what is the inspiration for Taiwan from the lesson of the Czech survival? The author thinks that at least three main points to narrate the existence of the Czech survival, first, understanding the importance of national culture; secondly, holding on the historical opportunity; thirdly, emphasizing pragmatism. The author states that the Czech people's ideals are placed in a pragmatic context, the small country is to try survival first, and then to seek development. From the perspective of the survival of the small Czech Republic, Taiwan may need to think more about the possibility of pragmatism than about idealism and realism.