異質地誌學與明清文人園林場域的相互證發

Chinese Ming-Qing Literati Garden as a Heterotopia

本文以傅柯的「異質地誌學」理論作為語境與視鏡，對照明清中國文人園林的美學、論述與實踐，討論中國文人園林作為中國文化所生產出來的特殊空間類型，其對於文人的「危機性異質空間」屬性，以及這個「異質空間」作為「真實空間」的「對抗空間」，在文人的自我重構中，所提供的場域功能。這些論證，展現出「異質地誌學」理論在中國文人園林的研究上的適用性。由於傅柯在建構這個理論時，已參考了東方園林的範式，卻著墨不多，透過本研究，正可補充該理論未能多加闡釋之處。本論題的提出與相關論述，除顯現異質地誌學作為理論與中國文人園林作為文本，兩者之間相互證發之處，也可使「異質地誌學」成為向其他文化說明中國文人園林美學時的中介。

This paper uses Michel Foucault's theory of 'heterotopology' to analyze theaesthetics, discourse and practice of the Ming-Qing Chinese literati garden. Beingone of the special types of space produced by the Chinese culture, the Chineseliterati garden can be recognized as a “crisis heterotopia” for literati and a spacethat can provide them possibilities of the reconstruction of their self-identity.These arguments demonstrate the applicability of the theory of 'heterotopology' tothe study of Chinese literati gardens. Foucault, in the construction of this theory,has referred to the characteristics of oriental gardens, however only with limitedmentions. Hence, this study can be a supplement to the theory. In addition toheterotopology as a theory and Chinese literati garden as support for the theory,the proposition and related discourse of the thesis can also make 'heterotopology'an intermediary for introducing and explaining the Chinese literati garden to othercultures.