工人組織的轉變與路徑差異：東南沿海地方工會與勞工NGO的比較分析

Organizations' Transition and Path Differences: A Comparative Analysis between Unions and Labor NGOs in South China

本文基於對東南沿海地方工會與勞工NGO的考察，從國家統合主義與組織能動實踐的視角出發比較分析了當代工人組織轉變的獨特背景與路徑差異。工會與NGO在新時期面臨著工人行動增加、國家制度調整以及組織間競爭關係所帶來的合法性危機，兩者均對傳統的工作方式做出調整，分別依託各自的行政力量與結社力量以不同的方式遊走於國家與工人之間，並在介入勞資糾紛、推動集體談判的實踐中呈現出了不同的工作路徑。官方色彩濃厚的工會力圖透過地方性改革走近工人，強大的行政力量與體制資源在為其帶來優勢的同時也在一定程度上形塑了其變革的走向。生發於民間的草根NGO借助多元的社會力量與分散的資金來源發展出了靈活的組織策略，但也面臨著巨大的政治風險，如何在國家治理運動中尋求工人維權與基層維穩的微妙平衡成為其生存的關鍵。

Based on the comparative analysis between a local union and a labor NGO, this paper explores the unique background and path differences of labor organizations' transition in South China. According to the research, China's labor organizations are faced with structural changes in the new era, which bring legitimacy challenges with different emphasis to local unions and NGOs in promoting the two organizations' transition. During the transition, they both participate in labor disputes and organize collective bargaining, but show different working paths in practice. The local union, situated in the governmental system, tries to get close to workers in order to strength the legitimacy and authority. The strong administrative power provides the union with advantages as well as limitations. The NGOs, originating from the civil society, seek to balance the relationship between right-safeguarding and stability-maintaining in order to explore bigger living space. The strong associational power makes the flexible strategies possible, as well as bringing huge political risks and uncertainty.