美國疫苗受害補償制度與補償項目

U.S. Vaccine Injury Compensation Regime and Items of Compensation

現行的「預防接種受害救濟基金徵收及審議辦法」，其給付項目區分過簡略，給付金額也未有具體標準，因此本文欲參考美國的法規制度與具體判決，瞭解在美國對疫苗受害人如何給予補償，以及到底給付的項目與金額為何。在研究後發現，美國與台灣制度差異很大，美國的疫苗補償制度乃取代侵權行為，但希望能盡量達到一般民事侵權行為的完全補償精神，因而補償費用給予相當慷慨。在台灣，雖然無法達成此種慷慨的補償，但是尚可更精細的設計具體的補償項目。此外，本文提出，美國有二點值得我國參考，一，美國設計了特別主事官，相當於專業法庭，處理疫苗補償制度。二，美國疫苗補償雖然採取一次性給付，但原則上要求購買年金，按年月分批給付，方能達成照顧受害人餘生的目標。

According to “Regulations Governing Collection and Review of Relief Fund for Victims of Immunization” in Taiwan, the division of compensation is too simple, and no any compensation standard was provided. We will compare with U.S. Vaccine Injury Compensation Regime, especially through reading the judgement opinions delivered by Court of Federal Claims and Federal Circuit Court of Appeals in the U.S, to understanding what the real items of compensation and exact money paid the injured. We find that there is big difference between Taiwan and the U.S.. The purpose of the U.S. Vaccine Injury Compensation Regime is to replace the torts system, it is designed in generous in compensation, wishing to provide complete compensation for present and future medical needs, including all necessary and appropriate future therapeutic and related care, with no caps or specific limitations, plus additional money for pain and suffering (capped at $250,000), and lost income (with certain limitations). Furthermore, there are two advantages worthy learning. First, in the U.S., there are special masters, similar to special courts, responsible for the affairs of compensation. Second, the payment is once and for all, but actually the special master will ask the family of the injured to purchase some kinds of annuity, which will pay monthly and yearly, and takes care the remaining of the injured.