林業科技之研發創新機制與成果評估

Innovative Mechanism and Result Evaluation in Research and Development of Forest Science and Technology

由於生態環境保育觀念的興起，導致台灣林業經營自民國80年代前後做了重大之轉折，即自以發揮經濟效益為重點目標轉變為生態、經濟、社會三者效益均衡之目標。林業科技界就以「永績發展」理念為基礎，探討「森林生態系永續經營」之相關技術，並舉行一系列之研討會，針對森林生態系本質與動態變化、生物多樣性、具生態基礎之育林系統、林地長期生產力、森林特產物等之相關議題及研究構想，進行討論。同時依據省農林廳核頒之「科技研究發展方向」，部分調整林試所組織結構、職稱、待遇等，大量延攬博士級科技人員，成立研究室制度，充分發揮團隊研究效能。擬訂五項林業試驗政策，作為科技計畫撰擬與推動之基礎帳本。至今已逾20載，可謂成果豐碩，包括（1）8種基本資料庫之充實與建立可提供研究人員參考，業界諮詢服務以及生態解脫素材；（2）運用現代科技從事經營規劃、組織培養、基因轉殖、種原保存、森林碳吸存、森林保護、林產工業等研發工作，其成果已獲多項技轉給業界，授權金而已達千萬元以上。受惠業界除傳統之木材工業及製漿造紙業外，尚擴及生技產業、製藥產業、食品保健產業、設計裝潢業、庭院造景業等。但為要躋身國際社會，展現林業科技實力，有關台灣森林生態系永續經營之準則與指標（C&I）與ISO認證制度之建立與實施有待科研與行政部門。

Owing to initiation of a concept on conservation of ecological environment, the goal of forest management on Taiwan has made a great deal of change, that is, we focus on the balance of ecological, economical and social effects instead of economical benefit only. Under the circumstances，(he forest scientists started the research and development of techniques of sustainable management of forest ecosystems. A series of workshops and symposia have been held on the topics of the properties and dynamic changes of forest ecosystems, biodiversity, ecologically silvicultural systems, long-term productivity of forest land, as well as special forest products. At the same lime, we also re-organized part of TFRI framework in order to enhance the R & D capability. Furthermore, strategies for forestry research were set up and used as a guideline of annual action plans. Fruitful results have been obtained in the plast 20 years, which included : ( 1 ). the establishment and enrichment of 8 basic data banks which can be used as raw material for research, consultation and ecological education; ( 2 ). application of advanced science and technology in management planning, tissue culture, gene transfer, provenance conservation, carbon absorpltion. Forest protection, forest product industry, biotechnology industry, landscape & greening industry, and so on. However, the establishment and application of criteria & indicators ( C & I ) as well as ISO certificate system for forest ecosystem management in Taiwan still need our care and hard-working together.