明清醫學「募原」所呈現的瘟疫論述與身體觀

Body Thinking and Scourge Epidemic of “Muyuan” in Medical Knowledge during the Ming-Qing Period

募原在古典醫學中並不是重要的身體組織，多為解釋瘧疾而存在。歷代對於募原的解釋，隨著醫者對身體認識的深化，而產生一種身體知識上的擴充，深化了募原在身體內的形質範圍和生理功能。當募原在明末被吳有性提出時，已成為瘟疫論述中有別於《傷寒論》的另一項發明；隨著學說解釋的擴充，募原最後不但融入溫病學派所對論的三焦中，也融入古典六經體系，充分體現中醫知識論創新的重要精神。考察歷代醫家在談論募原時，總得不到一個共識般的結論，但這些不一致的看法，卻又可以同時存在。擴充後的結果，終於使得募原可以融入任何一方的身體理解，廣泛地符合於數個不同的辨證體系和疾病詮釋。

Muyuan is not an important tissue in classical medicine, and its existence is only intended for malaria explanation. In all ages, its explanation was subject to “accumulative” (expansion of the theory) changes with time and deepened knowledge by physicians of body, expanding its bodily range and functions in body. This paper suggests that when Muyuan was first proposed by Wu You-Xing, it became another invention that was different from Treatise on Febrile Diseases in Treatise on Plague. However, with accumulation of theoretical explanations, within discussion scope of external pyretology, Muyuan was finally incorporated into three focuses studied by warm disease sector and also into classical six-meridian system. With accumulation of theories, involving both innovation and inheritance, in clinical treatment, it was seen that the old system may be utilized by new theories, mutually integrated, which is exactly the most important spirit of expansive theory in Chinese medicine. Physicians could not reach a common conclusion when discussing Muyuan; however, their different opinions may seemingly co-exist. It may be because that Muyuan exists in several positions, such as stomach, intestine, viscera, chest diaphragm, San Jiao and muscular striae. The result of expansive theory of these arguments is that Muyuan may be construed to be incorporated into any party of body, which is largely in agreement with several differentiation systems and disease explanations.