技術創新系統的技術機會探索：以纖維酒精為例

Exploring Technological Opportunities in a Technological Innovation System: A Study on Cellulosic Bio-ethanol

技術創新系統以動態的觀念分析技術系統的演化，其主張系統演化決定於系統如何找出、吸收和運用全球的技術機會。技術機會的來源包含科學和技術的知識，而科學與技術之間的缺口阻礙著技術機會的發掘。由於科學與專利文獻分別蘊含豐富的科學與技術知識，兩者知識的缺口可能正存在著潛在的技術機會。纖維酒精是再生能源的一種，其利用植物的纖維質作為料源，具有不與民爭糧且能將廢棄物轉化為新能源的優勢，在我國欲建立自主能源之際，必須密切關注其潛在的技術機會，並選擇合適的領域切入全球的技術創新系統。本研究於是運用文件探勘和高維度資料的分群法探索科學與技術文獻中的知識，再比較兩者知識的缺口，發掘纖維酒精技術創新系統中的技術機會。研究結果顯示科學與技術間有三個缺口，分別為有利於纖維酒精製程的基改植物、生物精煉，及同步水解和醱酵。企業與研究機構可參考這些技術機會，及早佈局符合自身核心能耐的領域。

Technological innovation systems are frameworks which analyze the evolutions of technological systems in a dynamic view. The frameworks argue that the evolutions are determined by how well the systems can identify, absorb, and exploit global technological opportunities. Scientific and technological knowledge are sources of technological opportunities; however, the gaps between them impede exploration of these opportunities. Resulting from the serious global warming, many countries have devoted to commercialization of renewable energies. Cellulosic bioethanol, a renewable energy, uses cellulosic biomass as feedstock. The fuel possesses the advantages of unaffecting grain supply and capable of converting wastes into energies, so the technological opportunities of cellulosic bio-ethanol is crucial for our country in establishing self-sufficient energies and determining the appropriate technological positions in the global innovation systems. Therefore, this study uses text mining and an approach which can analyze high-dimensional data to cluster the knowledge of scientific and technological literature. Technological opportunities of cellulosic bio-ethanol can be identified based on the knowledge gaps between scientific and technological literature. The results show that three gaps exist between them: genetically modified plants being favorable to bio-ethanol process, biorefinery, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Firms and research institutes can refer to the technological opportunities and allocate resources into the fields which fit their core competence.