台灣小琉球發展生態旅遊潛在問題之研究

The Study of the Potential Problems for the Ecotourism Development in Liuchiu, Taiwan

台灣小琉球得天獨厚的地質地形環境，造就豐富的生態資源及自然景觀，也吸引大批的人潮再度前來觀光。本研究目的為瞭解當地居民對發展旅遊之負面影響認知、態度以作為發展生態旅遊的參考。本研究於2012年1月1日至2月29日間以自填式問卷針對小琉球居民進行問卷調查，共發出400份，得有效問卷319份，有效回收率89.75%。由本研究結果可知大多數受訪者認為「小琉球應該積極發展生態旅遊」，受訪者對生態旅遊知識足夠。受訪者認為發展旅遊已造成「交通擁擠及噪音增加」、「垃圾變多、環境更髒亂」、「地價、物價的上漲」、「使居民的生活受到困擾」、「空氣品質變差」、「水質變差」「讓居民與遊客產生紛爭與衝突」及「增加生態旅遊業者與居民之間的衝突」等負面影響。另外，受訪者願意「提供個人意見給生態旅遊相關單位」、「運用各種管道幫忙宣導與推廣本地的生態旅遊」、「撥出時間參與本地發展生態旅遊」、「支援人力投入本地發展生態旅遊」及「參與生態旅遊解說員的訓練」。對於未來小琉球發展生態旅遊之建議:一、政府應該加強輔導居民經營或參加生態旅遊相關行業。二、政府需在小琉球當地有計劃的培養生態旅遊解說員。三、政府需將小琉球訂為生態旅遊島，所以可強制遊客必須僱用當地生態解說員才可以在小硫球從事旅遊活動。四、政府需限定每天上島旅遊人數，並向遊客宣導分散於週一至週五淡季至小琉球旅遊。本研究之結果與可供小琉球生態旅遊業者或主管機關發展生態旅遊之參考。

The unique geology and topography create rich ecological resources and natural landscapes of Liuchiu, Taiwan. They abstract tremendous tourists to visit Liuchiu. The objectives of this research were to realize negative impacts of developing tourism, suggestions, attitudes and the potential problems of residents in Liuchiu toward the ecotourism development. Four hundred questionnaires were delivered to residents in Liuchiu. Three hundred and nineteen valid data were used to analyze as the results, the valid corresponding rate was 89.75 %. The surveys were conducted during the period of January 1 to February 29 2012. The results of this study were the followings: Most surveyors agreed that they should develop ecotourism in Liuchiu, and have enough ecotourism knowledge. Surveyors thought that negative impacts, such as too many traffics, too much noisy and garbage, worse air and water quality, higher prices of groceries and houses, too many tourists to bother residents, and some conflicts, caused between tourists and residents were caused because of tourism developing in Liuchiu. In addition, most surveyors would like to provide their own opinions, to do more works to ecotourism related industries; to do their best to promote and to spend more time to participate in ecotourism in Liuchiu; and to accept ecotourism training. Governments should to give more advises to residents and ecotourism related industries and to train more ecotourism tour-guides. Liuchiu should be restricted as an ecotourism island, tourists must hire an ecotourism tour-guide, and it should to be limited number of tourists to visit Liuchiu. Moreover, it should to promote that tourists should to visit Liuchiu at the week days instead of weekend. The results of this study can give the tourism-related industries and tourism Supervisors as references.