──官落寞畫平生──論「銅官感舊圖」題詠與章壽麟沉浮晚清的宦途得失

Painting an Unsuccessful Official Career: Poetry Dedicated to Tongguan Ganjiu Tu and Zhang Shoulin’s Vicissitudes as a Late Qing Official

章壽麟（1832-1887），字价人，其四十四歲時繪製「銅官感舊圖」，回憶少時隨同曾國藩（1811-1872）初戰靖港的昔時往事。「銅官感舊圖」重要之價值在於其隱含著歷史性的時代意義，既反映晚清政局衰頹的前兆，亦投射晚清士人仕途困蹇的難言心緒。章壽麟始終未以科名顯達，卻因「銅官感舊圖」顯名後世。學界論及該圖創作，大多圍繞於曾國藩之歷史地位，探討其與晚清重要人物之關係，而由章壽麟與圖畫本身為出發探究其創作意義則相對是被隱沒的。圖像題詠之目的，或補充畫意，或自抒身世，或還原圖畫本意。本文希冀為該圖作通盤式的觀照，以橫向之視角，探求題詠者與章壽麟之交游關係，藉此釐清題詠者之觀看角度；次從縱向之視角，梳理前人題詠對後人題詠產生的影響，進而達到挖掘該圖創作意義（屬於「作者」）之目的與深究題詠者創作動機（屬於「讀者」）之目的。

At the age of 44, ZhangShoulin 章壽麟 painted Tongguan ganjiu tu(銅官感舊圖 Nostalgia for Tongguanshan), which recalled his first battlehe fought alongside Zeng Guofan 曾國藩 at Jinggang 靖港. The painting’svalue mainly lies in its evocation of the historical significance of the times: itnot only portends the decline of the Qing dynasty, but also casts light on theunspoken dejection of its unsuccessful officials. Zhang had an unremarkableofficial career, and is known only for his Tongguan ganjiu tu. Most scholarlydiscussion on the creation of this painting revolves around Zeng’s place inhistory, exploring his relations to other important coevals; relatively scantscholarship uses the artist and his painting themselves as a departure pointfor a conceptual exploration of the work. Poetry dedicated to paintings aimedto supplement the qualities of the work, recount the poet’s life experience,or embody the original spirit of the painting. This article comprehensivelyanalyzes Tongguan ganjiu tu, first by investigating the relationships betweenZhang Shoulin and the poets who dedicated poems to his painting, therebyclarifying how those poets viewed this painting. Second, it collates thesepoems and assesses their significance for, and thus their influence upon, latergenerations. This accomplishes two objectives: it identifies the original (thecreator’s) concept for the painting Tongguan ganjiu tu, and reveals the poets’ (the viewers’) real motives for dedicating poems to this painting.