傳統榫卯家具的構造形制之創新設計程序

The Creative Design Procedure for New Structural Styles of Traditional Furniture with Mortise-Tenon Joints

本研究旨在建構榫卯結構家具的構造形制之創新設計程序，以提供榫卯家具設計者，能應用此創新設計程序，系統化創新設計能融入現代居家環境，符合現代的審美觀，並繼承傳統榫卯工藝技術的新型榫卯構造形制。系統化的創新榫卯構造形制之設計程序共有五個步驟。步驟一：選擇具有適當穩固度的現存榫卯家具為樣本；步驟二：利用細實線代表構件，而以空心圓表示聯結構件的榫卯接頭，建立了構件排列聯結的拓樸構造圖，再應用拘束度方程式計算出結構體的拘束度；步驟三：根據家具結構構件數目和結構體的拘束度，建立了結構體之構造圖集；步驟四：根據設計限制條件，並捨棄區域的封閉構件鏈為不穩固的構造圖，篩選出特定的構造圖；步驟五：根據特定的構造圖，指定結構構件，設計新式構造形制，並匯集新型的構造圖集。為了具體描述創新結構體構造形制的設計程序，選用了五代時期畫作中的夾頭榫案為設計的樣本，應用創新設計的程序，系統化設計出新型榫卯家具為實例做說明。此研究的結果可提供研究傳統家具研究者和現代新式榫卯結構家具的設計者，可資應用的研究與設計平台。

The purpose of this paper is to develop a creative design procedure fornew structural styles of furniture with mortise-tenon joints. The designprocedure offers the designers of classic furniture with mortise-tenon jointsto design new structural styles of furniture systematically to present bothmodern aesthetics and traditional work technology. The creative design procedure of the structural styles of construction with mortise-tenon jointsincludes five steps. The first step is selecting the sample of existentfurniture with moderate stability. The second step is to utilize simplegeometrical elements such as lines and circles, the topographical structuraldiagrams are developed to simulate the arrangements of parts of constructionwith mortise-tenon joints. The third step is to develop the atlasof structural diagram according to both the degree of constraints ofconstruction by using the equation of constraint and the quantity ofconstruction’s members. The fourth step is to select specific structuraldiagrams according to both the constraint conditions of design and thestability of local member’s chain loop. The fifth step is to develop theatlas of new structural styles of construction with mortise-tenon joints byspecializing the parts of constructions according to the specific structuraldiagrams. In order to depict the creative design procedure, new structuralstyles of furniture are designed by taking a sample of a recessed-leg tablewith bridle-and-tenon joints from the Wu dynasty. It is well supposed thatthis study would be a good reference to the researchers of traditionalfurniture and the designers of new structural styles of furniture withmortise-tenon joints.