應用於電動摩托車之電池管理系統研製

Development of a Battery Management System for Electric Scooters

鋰錳或鋰鐵磷等鋰離子電池因具有較傳統鉛酸電池較高之能量與功率密度，因此廣為近代之電動二輪車所採用，然而鋰離子電池需要一可靠的電池管理系統來確保鋰離子電池能安全地發揮最大的效能。本論文深入探討電池管理系統之優缺點，並自行開發一套適用於電動二輪車之鋰鐵磷電池管理系統，所開發的電池管理系統具有準確的量測電路，能掌握電池的特性及殘餘電量估測；智慧型儀表則透過自製的車載資料擷取卡，讀取整車的數據資料，顯示出車輛的里程數、時速、殘餘電量及電池狀態燈號。本研究所開發出之電池管理系統可以準確的量測電池參數，並根據預設的值對電池進行過充或過放保護，也藉由自行研發的全域式主動互補平衡技術對串聯電池芯進行容量平衡的補救，殘電量估測則提供可靠的續航力資訊，本論文所完成的鋰鐵磷電池管理系統經長期測試評估顯示是一高階但低成本的商用電摩電池管理系統。

Lithium ion batteries are widely adopted by modern electric scootersdue higher energy and power densities over conventional lead acid batteries.Since lithium ion batteries are vulnerable to limited operation, a reliablebattery management system (BMS) is essential to safely exploit electrochemicalbenefits of various lithium ion batteries. This article investigatedthe performances of existing BMSs first. A BMS suitable formodern electric scooters was proposed and developed in the current study.The developed BMS is equipped with accurate measuring circuits forbattery attributes including state of charge (SOC). Intelligent displaysystem was facilitated by an in-house data acquisition system, which wasdesigned to acquire vehicle's operating characteristics, like trip mileage, speed, SOC, state of health (SOH), cell voltages and currents. Batteryover charge, over discharge, and over temperature were protected accordingto predetermined values. Cell capacity and internal resistance inconsistencieswere compensated by an innovative global balance method.Via the data acquisition system, long term study of the developed BMSsystem for an electrical scooter was conducted and detailed in the article.Long term tests showed the developed BMS high in performance yet low incost and suitable for commercial e-scooter application.