關木通之成份研究與分析

The Research and Analysis for the Component of the Aristolochia Manshuriensis Kom

木通即為馬兜鈴科植物東北馬兜鈴(Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom)之乾燥藤莖，其商品名稱之關木通，有清心火、利小便、通經下乳之功效；而商品名稱之為川木通者則是指毛茛科植物小木通(Clematis armandii Franch)或繡球藤(Clematis montana Buch-Ham)之乾燥藤莖，亦具如前提的功效。以前者應用最廣，後者次之。木通的來源較為複雜，除關木通、川木通外，尚有木通科植物互葉木通、三葉木通、白木通等。歷代本草記載的木通則為木通科木通(Akebia quinataDecue)，目前已很少應用，可見古代與現代所用之木通並不是同一種生藥，這可能是古方今用使致中毒原因的所在。由於馬兜鈴酸中藥引起腎臟損害，已是相當明確的事實，本文旨在對一些已有相關配合措施、馬兜鈴酸之物化性、關木通之毒性研究概略、研究案例分析及今後之展望等之文獻做一回顧。

The Caulis Akebia which commercial name is called Caulis Aristolochia manshuriensis is the drier cane stem of the Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom, its function is helpful to clear heart of pathogenic fire, induce diuresis, activate collaterals and promote person breast, etc. The drier cane stem of the Clematis armandii Franch or Clematis montana Buch-Ham is called Caulis Clematdiis armandii(commercial name)which effect is similar to Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom. The application of the Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom is more than the Caulis Clematdiis armandii. The Caulis Akebia origin is comparatively complex, except Caulis Aristolochia manshuriensis or Caulis Clematdiis armandii, the Akebia quinata(Thunb.) Decne, A. triofoliata(Thunb.) Koidz, A. triofoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis(Diels) Rehd are also complex too. In the past dynasties on Pents’ao records, the Caulis Akebia is called Akebia quinata Decue which are less applied at present. In the ancient and modern to use the Caulis Akebia is obviously not the identical kind of crude drugs; this is possibly difference reason for ancient and modernistic prescription which is maybe caused to pharmaceutical poisoning. Because the Aristolochia Chinese medicine causes the kidney harm is the quite explicit fact, this paper will be discussed the some correlation methods, the chemical properties of Aristolochia acid, the summary of the Caulis Aristolochia manshuriensis toxic research, the research case analysis, the forecast, and take a paper review etc.