論博物館展示說明圖板之今昔轉變

A Study on the Present and Past Changes of the Panels Used in Museums

近二十年來儘管台灣博物館展示不斷推陳出新，然而展示的研究仍是少見且不深入的；有鑑於此，本文針對博物館展示實務中經常受到忽略、但卻是最基本的展示媒體──說明圖板，考察與分析其近年來因電腦繪圖科技發展而產生之變遷以及對展示之影響。首先透過理論上的看法，檢視說明圖板既定之功能與角色，接著以國立科學工藝博物館常設展示與特展為案例，探討因電腦科技發達而在展示實務執行上所造成之改變，以及對展示面貌之影響。透過內容分析法對今昔圖板面貌所進行之觀察、分析與比較，以及深度訪談資深展示實務工作者後，可以發現今日的說明圖板藉助電腦繪圖科技與資訊科技之助，在其產出過程、面貌外觀與功能角色等三面向均已產生質變；電腦繪圖科技的進步讓說明圖板的產出變得更便利、更迅速同時效果更佳，因產出作業改變之影響，說明圖板的面貌外觀也從素面單色轉變為繽紛多彩，而說明圖板除了傳達展示內容的傳統功能之外，更在展場中成為塑造展場氣氛、整合展示效果之角色。如此發現可轉變過去對於說明圖板的一些低估與忽略的看法，諸如：圖板是比較靜態而沉悶的，觀眾不愛閱讀說明圖板等，因為今日的說明圖板已質變成為左右展場氣氛的重要角色。

In the last two decades, various exhibitions were held in museums in Taiwan; however, studies on displays are quite rare and not very profound. As a result, the research aimed to investigate and analyze the transition and the influence of museum panels which are often ignored in the exhibitions, yet the most basic display medium which helps audiences to understand the displayed objects. In particular, after the technical development of computer graphics, the roles of panels continue to change. By focusing on the underlying theoretical concepts, the existing functions and roles of panels are reviewed. Taking the permanent and special exhibitions held at the National Science & Technology Museum (NSTM) as an example, the researcher aimed to explore the transformation and impact caused by evolving computer technology on the displayed objects. Content analysis was applied to observe, analyze and compare the present and past panel changes. After conducting an in-depth interview with the senior staff members who are in charge of exhibitions, the researcher noticed that qualitative changes occurred in the process of producing the panels, as well as their appearance and the functional roles after implementing computer graphics and information technology. The effect of panels employing computer graphics is to give them greater clarity and substance. They are now easier to make and can be made promptly. Their appearance has been transformed from one color to a multi-colored design. While the changes have brought a different atmosphere to the museum, the traditional roles, such as describing the displayed objects, are still maintained. In the past, panels were motionless and fairly boring for audiences who had no interest in reading the explanations. But now the panels incorporating computer graphics are vivid and interesting. The atmosphere in the museum is now totally different from that in the past.