| 中文摘要 |
傳統的民事訴訟程序皆以「一對一」的當事人關係為預設,然而,當現代型態的紛爭涉及越來越多人的時候,傳統的制度已經逐漸不敷使用。在設計一個能夠兼顧「促進程序進行」與「保障當事人利益」的制度,因此涉及衆多的因素,在各國也出現了各式各樣的設計。台灣的團體訴訟,歷經了十五年來的發展,在1994年消費者保護法,與2003年民事訴訟法的修正之後,已經大幅地被引介與擴張。本文首先將概述台灣的民事訴訟程序與「程序選擇權理論」,後者可以說是台灣團體訴訟背後最根本的法律理論之一。接下來在第三章,本文將簡要說明台灣團體訴訟制度的演進,在第四與第五章,則分別介紹依「當事人同意」與「法律規定」兩種方式形成的團體訴訟類型,最後第六章則是結論。本文希望透過介紹台灣的團體訴訟制度,能夠在比較法的觀點上,使不同法律體制得以進行經驗交流。 |
| 英文摘要 |
The traditional civil litigation system has developed based on one plaintiff versus one defendant pattern; however, it has become increasingly less adequate to be applied to modern disputes, which involve more persons in one case. Designing a mechanism effectively facilitating such legal proceedings, at the same time sufficiently protecting all parties' interests, thus involves multiple factors and its exact models varies in different jurisdictions. The class action system in Taiwan, going through its 15-year development, was introduced and expanded by the Consumers Protection Act in 1994 and by the Code of Civil Procedure in 2003. This article will first brief the civil procedural laws in Taiwan and introduce the theory of rights of procedural options," which is one fundamental legal theory that lies behind Taiwan's class action system. In Part III this study will brief the evolution of Taiwan's class action system so as to give a general picture. This study will then introduce the class action by parties' assignment and class action by statutory assignment respectively in Part IV and Part V, and reach its conclusion in Part VI. It is anticipated that through this study the basic structure of Taiwan's class action system may be presented and thus allow the exchange of experiences on a comparative law basis. |
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