臺灣地區公路客運供給與補貼之區域資源分配差異分析

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN RESOURCE ALLOCATION OF HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION SUPPLY AND SUBSIDY IN TAIWAN AREA

本文以人口密度為基礎，將臺灣348鄉鎮市區（不考慮離島）劃分為高偏遠地區、低偏遠地區、郊區、都市區及市中心區等5類，並針對各地區之公共運輸潛在需求、基本需求、供給密度及補貼金額等，以交叉分析方式探討我國公路客運供給與需求及虧損補貼在空間分配之合理性。結果發現，我國高偏遠地區之公共運輸基本需求最高，但公共運輸供給密度卻偏低，且部分地區虧損補貼分配不足，顯示國內公共運輸供給資源及虧損補貼分配仍有檢討之空間。最後，本文據以提出國內公路客運虧損補貼方式之調整建議，以供主管機關參考。

Based on population density, this paper divides a total of 348 townships/districts in Taiwan (except for off-shore islands) into five categories: highly remote area, remote area, suburban, urban and central business centre (CBD) to investigate the rationales behind their potential demand, essential demand, supply density of public transportation as well as their allocated subsidies. The results show that highly remote areas tend to have a highly essential demand but low public transportation supply and deficit subsidy, suggesting the inappropriateness of current operating deficit subsidy policy. Improvement directions proposed accordingly.