高速公路實施電子計程收費之駕駛人 願付通行費率分析

DRIVERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ELECTRONIC DISTANCE-BASED CHARGING ON FREEWAYS

有鑑於高速公路電子計程收費政策即將實施，本研究利用假設市場評價法，探究小汽車駕駛人在模擬費率情境下之願付通行費率。實證研究係針對臺灣西部高速公路北、中及南區小汽車駕駛人進行問卷調查，共蒐集1,361份有效樣本。計程通行費率支付意願函數之推導，則採Probit和Logit模式進行校估，兩者分析結果差異不大，費率情境、現居地、年齡、教育程度、個人月所得、旅次目的、行駛頻率、行駛里程與移轉傾向等變數，均會影響駕駛人支付意願。本研究進一步推估駕駛人願付計程通行費率約為0.995～0.996元／公里，尚不及1元／公里；北區駕駛人願付費率較其他地區高，每公里願付通行費率達1元以上，為1.002～1.003元／公里；至於以高速公路作為每日通勤路線者，其願付費率最低，僅0.881元／公里；短程旅次者的支付費率亦相對較低，不及1元／公里。

For the oncoming implementation of the electronic distance-based charging strategy on freeways, this paper attempted to use a contingent valuation method (CVM) to evaluate drivers’ willingness to pay (WTP) under various toll scenarios. According to the empirical study, the questionnaire survey was conducted to collect 1,361 valid samples from freeway drivers traveling in northern, central, and southern Taiwan. This paper deduced drivers’ WTP function via Probit and Logit models, and the estimated results in the two models revealed that the significant variables for explaining drivers’ willingness included toll scenarios, resident area, age, educational background, personal monthly income, trip purpose, traveling frequency, traveling distance and switching intention, etc. The forecasted result of drivers’ WTP for distance-based toll was approximately 0.995~0.996 NT dollars for each kilometer. The WTP of drivers’ living in northern Taiwan is higher than other areas (1.002~1.003 NT dollars for each kilometer), and the WTP of work-trip purposes is unwilling to pay (only 0.881 NT dollars for each kilometer). Additionally, drivers having higher traveling frequency and shorter traveling distance also do not wish to pay the toll (less than 1 NT dollars for each kilometer).