廣體客機旅客登機策略之研究：以波音747-400機型為例

PASSENGER BOARDING STRATEGIES FOR WIDE-BODY AIRCRAFTS: A CASE STUDY OF BOEING 747-400

航班延誤不僅會增加機場額外作業成本，還會降低其運作效率和搭機旅客的滿意度。「週轉時間 （turnaround time）」是衡量航班運作效率的重要指標，而旅客登機時間 （passenger-boarding time） 即是影響週轉時間的重要因素。因此，登機策略 （boarding strategy） 之良窳為旅客快速登機之關鍵。有鑒於不同機型的座艙設計將會影響旅客登機策略之研擬，本研究針對「廣體客機」旅客登機策略問題進行深入研究。問題模式方面，本文延伸van denBriel等人AirBus A320窄體客機之研究，對波音747-400廣體客機構建非線性雙元整數規劃 （BIP） 模式。本研究首先設計小型測試例題求取最佳解（exact solution） 來驗證BIP模式之正確性；並根據其結果，提出一個新的登機策略─「非對稱倒金字塔型 （ARP）」策略；其次分別以波音747-400 和AirBus A320 兩種機型經濟艙為實例，比較ARP 登機策略和傳統登機策略之干擾值。比較結果顯示，ARP 登機策略之干擾值不論是在廣體客機波音747-400或是窄體客機Airbus A320機型皆為最小。此外，敏感度分析結果亦顯示ARP登機策略之優越性且不易受機型座艙設計或登機組數等外在因素的影響，故在實際應用上深具潛力。

Flight delay not only results in additional operating costs at an airport butalso deteriorates the service for airline passengers. “Turnaround time” is animportant indicator for measuring the operation efficiency, and passenger-boarding time is the key factor that affects the turnaround time, therefore,the quality of boarding strategy is the key for fast passenger boarding. Due todifferent aircraft cabin designs affecting the drawing up of passenger boardingstrategy, this paper focused on the passenger boarding strategy for “wide-bodyaircraft” for further research. Efficient boarding of passengers can reduce theturnaround time, increase operational efficiency of an airline, and also shortenthe wait and boarding time of passengers. In this paper, we extended the modeldeveloped by van den Briel et al. to the application of the wide-body aircraftboarding strategy problem. The extended model was formulated as a non-linearBIP problem and validated with some small numerical examples. We proposed anew aircraft-boarding strategy termed the “Asymmetrical Reverse Pyramid(ARP)”. We also applied the ARP strategy to both the Boeing 747-400 and theAirbus A320 aircrafts, and compared it with recently developed boarding strategies,such as back-to-front (BF), outside-inside (OI), and reverse pyramid (RP).Results showed that the ARP strategy is more efficient and robust than otherstrategies tested.