都市旅次總成本模式構建之研究

DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN FULL TRIP COST MODELS

都市運輸相關之「基礎建設投資」、「各類運具稅費」、「公共運輸補貼」與「監督管理機制」等重大政策與措施之研訂，必須以公平合理與量化分析結果為依據，而「旅次總成本」（full trip cost） 之數量化分析，即為其中重要之基礎工作。過去對於旅次總成本之研究，大多是針對特定、局部的成本進行分析與比較，缺乏一套完整之分析方法。本研究首先透過文獻回顧，分析彙總不同運具總成本所應涵蓋之項目，並將各種運具之外部性納入分析，以作為模式構建之基礎；其次，本研究經由對運具各項成本分析與探討，依社會總成本之觀點，建立一套旅次總成本分析模式。最後以臺北都會區為例，依所建模式分析推求各種運具單位公里成本以及每旅次鏈總成本，並就數值分析結果討論其政策意涵。本研究構建之一般化旅次總成本模式，可應用分析其他都市旅次總成本，亦可作為政府制訂運輸政策及績效評估之工具。

Urban transportation policies concerning capital investment on infrastructures,pricing and taxations of various transportation modes, subsidies for publictransportation, as well as monitoring and management systems should beformulated and assessed based on fair and reasonable quantitative analyses,such as the quantitative analysis of full trip costs. Although lots of studies haveexamined and compared trip costs of various modes, there hasn’t been a comprehensivemethodology available to analyze the full trip costs. This study aimsto develop full trip cost models of urban transportation modes. First, this paperidentifies components of full trip costs and analyzes the externality of variousmodes through intensive literature reviews. Then, the paper proposes a frameworkof the full trip cost models for urban transportation modes. Finally, thispaper applies the models to quantify full costs of trip chains in the Taipei metropolitanand discusses implications of results on transportation policies. It isconcluded that methodology developed in this study can also be applied forother cities and considered as measures of effectiveness for assessing transportationpolicies and strategies.