知識可及性對創新的影響：以臺灣北部區域電子產業為例

EFFECTS OF KNOWLEDGE ACCESSIBILITY ON THE INNOVATION: A CASE STUDY OF ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY IN NORTHERN TAIWAN REGION

由於知識在空間上存在正外部性，使接近知識生產者的地區或廠商能因知識外溢效果而促進創新活動；過去文獻探討知識外溢效果多著墨於知識基礎設施、研發活動與地理空間，忽略交通可及性因素，以致無法了解運輸部門在知識經濟發展策略上應扮演的角色。本研究目的在以實證研究確認知識可及性對創新的影響，並將實證結果應用於知識經濟政策之評估。實證研究利用民國 85年與 90年臺灣北部區域各鄉鎮市區的電子產業為樣本資料，以多元迴歸模式建立知識生產函數 ；檢定結果確認以下假說成立 ： (1)知識可及性對創新有正向影響， (2)知識外溢效果有一定的空間範園，(3)學術機構對創新的影響力大於研究機構， (4)知識外溢效果會因都市發展程度不同而有顯著差異 ；同時並發現：高等教育人口數與同業場所單位數對專利數為正向相關，異業場所單位數則為負向相關，大學與研究機構可及性亦為正向相關。最後以宜蘭縣為對象，設定各種高教建設與運輸建設的組合，探討不同建設組合對宜蘭縣創新活動的影響，並建議爭取知識經濟建設方案之優先順序為：新設大學院校、聯外交通改善以及境內交通改善。

Due to significant spatial externality of knowledge, innovative activities of the firms near the knowledge creator may be enhanced by knowledge spillover effects. Many studies have discussed the roles of knowledge infrastructure, private research, and geographical consistency in knowledge spillover effects but ignored traffic accessibility. The role of transportation infrastructure in knowledge-based economy development then is still an unexplored issue. This study aims to explore the effects of knowledge accessibility on the innovation of electronic industry and apply the empirical results to assess the knowledge-based economy policies. The samples investigated in the Northern Taiwan Region in 1996 and 2001, respectively a werend were analyzed by multiple regression models. The empirical results prove the following conclusions: (1) the improvement of accessibility significantly creates positive knowledge spillover effects; (2) the knowledge spillover effects are significantly working in a distance limitation of 20~30 km; (3) the accessibility of college creates more spillover effects than the accessibility of R&D; and (4) the spillover effects in metropolitan area are significantly different from that of the non-metropolitan area. We have also found that the number of higher education population, the number of firms of electronic industry and knowledge accessibility enhance innovation, while the number of firms of the industry related to electronic industry slightly reduces innovation. Finally, the case study concludes that the priorities of policy in I-Lan County should be sequenced in the following order: new college setting, improvement of external transportation and improvement of internal transportation.