明代江西的書院藏書

A Study on Book Collection Activities of Jiangxi Private Academies during the Ming Dynasty

書院藏書，是中國古代藏書事業的四大類型之一，自唐末、五代迄清季，上下貫串，歷時千載，不但時空跨度大，影響層面亦廣。特別是明代江西書院的建設及藏書、刻書事業的發展都頗有建樹，號稱文獻之邦。然而，明代書院藏書的規模較諸當時的內府和私人藏書，顯得相形見絀。儘管如此，由於明代江西的書院藏書仍然具有一些特色和創新之處，即便規模不大，卻很著重於實用、豐富等收藏目的，再加上講究日常的管理與維護，並重視編製藏書目錄等工作，綜合起來，對於明代整體藏書事業的促進、區域人才的培養、科舉及學術推廣等諸多方面的貢獻，都產生了許多不容忽視的歷史作用。對此，本文蒐羅史載有關明代江西書院藏書的整體發展歷程，並以白鹿洞等本地書院作為主要觀察對象，除進行時空背景的剖析外，亦關注於藏書內容、管理、發展及歷史影響等諸多面向的探索，期盼能夠略窺明代江西書院藏書事業的一些真實樣貌。

Collection of books in “academy”(書院) was one of the four main categories of the ancient Chinese library collections, from the late Tang, Five Dynasties until the Qing Dynasty. Down throughout thousand years it influenced greatly and covered a wide range time span. However, the collection of books in Ming academies is poorer than the collection of books in imperial storehouse and in private. Nevertheless, collection of books in Ming's academies still had many characteristics and innovations. Although book collection of academies were small-scale, but because of widespread geographical distribution, focused on practical application, emphasized on daily management, catalogued books in academies, and so on, those caused the promotion and circulation of the library collection in academies in the Ming Dynasty. It also generated a lot of influence on the area of personnel training, imperial career or academic promotion, etc. Particularly since Tang and Song, Jiangxi was known as the humanities town, and quite prestigious in construction of academies as well as library collection. Consequently, this article focuses on the overall academy book collection development in Jiangxi of the Ming Dynasty, by the famous example of “Bailu academy”( 白鹿洞書院), in addition to understand and explore the background, but also concerns about the collection's content, management, development, the historical role and influence, et al.