江戶時代《玉篇》接受一隅——以享保版《增續大廣益會玉篇大全》為例

A Study of the Reception of the Yupian in Edo Period Japan

《玉篇》系字書對日本的辭書編纂史極具影響。江戶初期開始，宋學蔚為風尚，北宋《大廣益會玉篇》徹底取代了《原本玉篇》的地位。後來毛利貞齋所編《增續大廣益會玉篇大全》又再取代了《大廣益會玉篇》，是日本化《玉篇》的典型之一。此書自元祿五年（1692）出刊直到明治結束（1911），成為日本流布最廣的漢字辭書，「玉篇」二字也成為字典的代稱，故《玉篇》接受情形可作為日人看待漢學的一個面向。本文主旨即研究江戶時代（1603-1867）的《玉篇》接受，以《增續大廣益會玉篇大全》享保二十年（1735）本為探討重點。經考察，當時日人對《玉篇》的認識，非僅單純將之視為一部漢字字書，更是作為閱讀漢籍、學習儒學時所需的外國語辭書，故須改變原有形制並增加假名註音，以符合非漢語母語者的使用需求。改編方式主要是結合《字彙》的形式與內容，變成了有利日本人使用的漢和辭書，雖已失去了《玉篇》的原貌，卻也同時找到了新生命。

The Yupian (玉篇 Jade Book) is an ancient Chinese character dictionary that has strongly influenced the history of dictionary compilation in Japan. It has been developed extensively in Japan since its original introduction. In addition to the continuation of the original dictionary itself, it also inspired the development of similar dictionaries that greatly influenced the Japanese Kanji dictionary. In the early Edo period, with the rise of Zhu Xi 朱熹 studies and the popularity of sinology, the Song dynasty Daguangyi huiyupian 大廣益會 玉篇 completely replaced the use of the Yuanben yupian 原本玉篇. This in turn was replaced by the Zozoku daikoekikaigyokuhen taizen (增續大廣益會 玉篇大全) edited by Mōri Teisai 毛利貞齋, an iconic example of a Japanized edition of the Yupian. Published in 1692, the Zozoku daikoekikaigyokuhen taizen became the most widely used Chinese character dictionary in Japan from its original publication to the end of the Meiji era (1911). The purpose of this paper is to examine the use and the reception of the Yupian in Japan during the Edo era (1603-1867) by focusing on the 1735 edition of the Zozoku daikoekikaigyokuhen taizen. This paper discusses how it adopted Daguangyi huiyupian’s forms and phonetic rules; how it was adapted to meet the needs of Japanese phonetic rules; as well as how it adhered to the contemporary views of sinology.