澳大利亞的精神醫療

Mental Health Care in Australia

澳大利亞是一個位處南太平洋，有二千三百萬人口，地理面積居世界第六大的繁榮大國，名目國內生產毛額（GDP）高達人均5.6萬美元，是全球人均GDP的第13位。在此背景下，本概述旨在探討澳大利亞精神衛生政策和照護的組成部分，以及實施照護之環境。澳大利亞的第一個國家精神衛生政策於1992年發布，這是國家與英聯邦政府在精神衛生政策方面合作的空前成就，而這個首次國家精神衛生計劃特別重視去機構化及轉向社區照護的相關議題。第五次全國精神衛生計劃甫於2017年發布。澳大利亞的精神衛生照護系統有多個組成部分，目標是適當的分級照護，其中最為關鍵的包括公立和私立專科的精神照護系統及至關重要的初級照護。澳大利亞與紐西蘭皇家精神科醫師學會（RANZCP）是代表澳大利亞和紐西蘭精神科醫師的主要機構，該學會是亞洲精神醫學會聯盟（AFPA）和世界精神醫學會（WPA）的積極成員，其許多學會成員在AFPA和WPA擔任重要領導職務。

Australia is a prosperous and large country of 23 million people located in the southern Pacific Ocean, defined as the world's sixth largest country by geographic area. Nominal gross domestic product (GDP) is relatively high at US$56,000 per capita, making it the 13th highest per capita GDP globally. With this context, this overview is intended to examine this range of components of mental health policy and care in Australia, as well as the environment in which this care is delivered. Australia's first National Mental Health Policy was released in 1992, and was the result of an unprecedented level of state and Commonwealth government co-operation around mental health policy. This First National Mental Health Plan had a strong focus on issues related to deinstitutionalization and the move to community- based care. The Fifth National Mental health Plan was released in 2017. Australia’s mental health care system is made up of various components with the target of appropriate stepped care. Key components include the public and private specialist mental care systems and the very significant rôle of primary care. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) is the main body representing psychiatrists in Australia and New Zealand. The College is an active member of both the Asian Federation of Psychiatric Associations (AFPA) and the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), with many of its fellows holding office in AFPA and the WPA.