不復古文，安復古道？黃省曾對陽明學與古文詞運動的融會與改造

How is It Possible to Restore the Ancient Way without First Restoring Ancient Writings? Huang Xingzeng’s Synthesis and Transformation of Wang angmingism and the Literary Archaist Movement

對大多數無論是研究明代文學史或者是哲學史的學者而言，黃省曾 （1490-1546） 都 不是一個重要或熟悉的名字，但本文將論證，如果我們仔細分析黃省曾的事業與思想， 就可為陽明學與以李夢陽為首的古文詞運動這兩股最重要的思潮在明中晚期交匯與競爭的過程提供一個新的視角。一般而言，明中葉以還的學者傾向於把兩者的區別界定為 「重道」與「重文」的不同。文與道經常被塑造為非此即彼的競爭關係，於是放棄古文詞，潛心陽明學，在當時逐漸成為士人表示在學術上已「痛改前非」的宣言。在那樣的時代潮流下，黃省曾卻試圖融合兩家之學，為我們提供了思考明中葉這兩大思潮的關係 的另一種可能性。更為重要的是，在融會的過程中，黃省曾實際上對這兩種學術的平民 精神進行了改造，呈現了文化菁英主義的傾向。

For most intellectual and literary historians of Ming China, Huang Xingzeng 黃省曾 is neither a prominent nor important figure. This article attempts to show that an examination of Huang’s career and thought has the potential to shed light on the interaction and competition between Wang Yangmingism and the literary archaist movement led by Li Mengyang 李夢陽. Generally speaking, since the mid-Ming period, scholars have labelled Wang Yangmingism as a learning that emphasized discovering the Way (dao 道) and the archaist movement as one that privileged literary accomplishment (wen 文). For this reason, wen and dao have been viewed as two mutually exclusive concepts, and consequently, a literatus turning away from the archaist course to take up Wang Yangmingism was often praised for finally understanding the true meaning of learning. Against this intellectual backdrop, Huang’s effort to fuse literary archaism with Wang Yangmingism provides a unique case where the relationship between these two modes of thought can be understood from a different angle. More importantly, during the process of fusion, Huang actually turned the egalitarian outlook of the two schools into a unique intellectual vision that favoured cultural elitism.