地窖裡的笑聲：〈賽克羅普斯〉中的修辭過剩與病徵國族主義

Laughter in the Dungeon: Rhetorical Excess and Symptomatic Nationalism in “Cyclops”

本文詮釋〈賽克羅普斯〉（“Cyclops”）章節中，喬伊斯（James Joyce）如何透過敘述斷裂、離題、誇張、修辭過剩（rhetorical excess）、文體驟變等等炫目難解的手法探索病徵國族主義、從屬主體（sub altern sub ject）的處境與政治倫理議題（ethico-political prob lematic）。本文以精神分析對驅力經濟（lib idinal economy）和幻見（fantasy）的分析觀點出發，參考拉岡（Jacques Lacan）、齊傑克（Slavoj Žižek）、阿甘本（Giorgio Agamb en）等人的論述，分析敘述斷裂與修辭過剩等手法造成的再現效果與讀者美學感受。喬伊斯透過修辭過剩展現愛爾蘭特殊的病徵國族主義。它一方面癱瘓都柏林市民，又令其沉醉其中的享樂。論者不應只探討反諷對象，而應進一步探討敘述實驗如何完成批判、有何政治倫理效果。本文主張修辭過剩文體實驗乃是一種美學上的驅魔儀式，試圖對病徵國族主義進行類似精神分析式的文學病徵消解（literary working through of fantasy）。喬伊斯的敘述至少可分三層，第一是寫實主義式的再現（realistic representation）、第二層次是顛覆寫實再現的修辭過剩敘述、第三層次是修辭過剩的內爆（implosion）。藉此敘述實

The present article takes Joyce’s literary experiment in “Cyclops” asan arrangement deployed through the narrative by the Nameless One thatjuxtaposes with the rhetorical excess of interpolated digressions. Rather thanfocusing on what is being parodied and mocked in the narrative clashes asprevious Joyce criticism has done, this article examines how the critiquethrough parodies is carried out and attempts to identify the libidinal mechanismin the narrative experiment. Drawing on Lacan, I argue that Joyceconducts a literary traversal of fantasy, a working through of symptomaticnationalism through such an experimental, narrative juxtaposition. Joyce’snarrative experiment is triple-layered: (1) realistic representation, (2) excessivenarrative interpolations that threaten/destabilise realistic representation, and(3) the implosion of rhetorical excess as it runs out of control. I read thistriple-layered narrative manoeuvre in terms of Lacan’s theory of the lookand the gaze, of fantasy and the traversal of fantasy. This psychoanalyticinterpretation of “fantasmatic” working yields an alternative reading of“Cyclops” and identifies the ethico-political significance of Joyce’s aestheticenterprise.