我國中小型企業職業安全衛生專案輔導成效之探討——以職業衛生輔導為例

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Governmental Safety and Health Consultation Programs for Small- and Medium-size Business –Case for Health Consultation Program

本研究藉主動式及被動式績效指標，探討中小型企業勞工安全衛生專案輔導及其減災成效。本研究收集職業安全衛生相關輔導專案文獻，分析彙整其採用之輔導績效指標，再選定過去曾進行完整職業衛生輔導的化學相關行業中選取共21廠次進行現場評核，藉以瞭解各事業單位受輔導後之安全衛生執行延續情況，作為輔導專案的主動式績效成效。在被動式績效上，則藉分析勞保職業傷病給付之變化趨勢作為依據。在主動式輔導績效評估上，各行業中如同時獲得ISO14001及ISO9000認證之事業單位得分最高，獲得ISO9000認證者次之，無認證者普遍得分較差，顯示各廠技術能力及資源將影響其安衛執行績效。而在安全衛生績效指標與查核重點8大項中分項執行得分間依然存在顯著之差異，其中，危害通識計畫、整體換氣/局部排氣效能維持、新進勞工體檢等項目為執行狀況較差之項次。在輔導成效延續性評估方面，除了工業通風指標外，其餘各指標目前的執行情形皆比過去接受政府單位輔導前為佳，但與先前輔導完成時之改善情形相比，各指標之執行延續性皆明顯下降，顯示持續稽核追蹤之重要性。在被動式輔導績效評估上，職災給付事故原因以「被夾被捲」是本研究4類行業中職災給付最常見的事故原因。在職業病給付資料分析上，由於給付件數極少，無法進行有系統之統計分析。

his study examined the effectiveness of governmental safety and health (S&H) consultation programs for small- and medium-size business based on leading and passive performance indicators. First, types of performance indicators adopted by governmental S&H consultation programs were disease reimbursement data shows that “caught in or compressed by equipment or objects” was the most common cause of occupational in our studied industries. However, it is impossible to perform a systemic analysis on the trends of occupational diseases due to an extremely rare of these diseases. reviewed. Field assessment was made on the previously consulted factories to assess the S&H performance through examining selected leading indicators. Additionally, the occupational injury and disease reimbursement data from Taiwan Labor Insurance databank was used as the passive indicator for the consultation programs. On S&H leading indicators, factories that are ISO14001 and ISO9000 certified have overall highest scores, followed by those with only ISO 9000 certification and those not certified. This emphasizes the importance of technical capabilities and resources on the S&H performance. However, there are significant differences in the performance of sub-indicators among factories, for example, worker right-to- know program, ventilation and pre-placement health examination were items that were poorly performed. Analysis on long-term effectiveness of consultation programs indicates that, except in local ventilation, all other indicators show huge improvement right after the consultation programs finished, but deteriorate after a few years, implying the needs of long-term follow-up. Evaluation of passive indicators for consultation programs based on the occupational injury and