論客語「分」致使用法的來源：巴色會文獻所提供之證據

On the Origin of the Causative Use of bun1 in Hakka: Evidence from the Basel Mission Texts

根據巴色會於19世紀末、20世紀初出版的客語文獻紀錄，本文考察客語給予動詞「分」的致使用法之來源和演變。既有文獻中一般主張「分」呈現多向語法化的現象（如Lai2001，Chiang2006），然而巴色會的語料顯示當時「分」的雙賓結構只有「分+直接賓語+間接賓語」（雙賓B式）的類型，而無「分+間接賓語+直接賓語」（雙賓A式）的類型，但「分」的致使用法卻非常普遍，因此本文主張「分」的致使用法並非直接由雙賓A式的「分」的動詞用法而來，而是「分」的表目的標記用法進一步演變的結果，由於新舊訊息的配置和事件的前景化和背景化，導致新結構的產生，造成表面上語序的差異。

Based on Hakka texts of the Basel Mission Society (late 19th and early 20th centuries), this paper examines the origin of the causative use of bun1 , a general-purpose verb of giving. It is generally held that bun1 illustrates a case of polygrammaticalization (e.g., Lai 2001, Chiang 2006). Crucial to this account is the existence of the bun1 +IO+DO pattern (the Type A construction). A closer scrutiny of the texts, however, shows that the Type A construction was not found. Since only the bun1 +DO+IO pattern (the Type B construction) was attested and the causative use of bun1 in the Basel Mission texts is not uncommon, we suggest that the causative use is a further development from the purposive use of bun1 . Due to differences in information status of the two events, the causing event is backgrounded and the caused event foregrounded, leading to the emergence of a new mono-clausal causative construction.