《周易》帝王學──李玄錫《易義窺斑》初探

Zhouyi, the knowledge to be an Emperor: A study on Li Xuan Xi’s Yi Yi Kui Ban

本文先據相關史料如《朝鮮王朝實錄》、《承政院日記》及李玄錫「自述」，論定《易義窺斑》最晚成於朝鮮肅宗十七年（1691），韓國學者金敎斌先生所云「大體為1680年」者恐屬不確。後據其內容形制，與《周易注疏》、《易程傳》、《易本義》、《周易傳義大全》暨朝鮮肅宗朝文臣進講《周易》相關文獻進行比對，獲致以下結論︰其一，李玄錫奉王命學《易》，以待日後「進講」，然而史料未見其進講《周易》載錄，《易義窺斑》或許能呈現李玄錫自我設定的「進講」內容，卻非「經筵講義」之屬。其二，其書所採取義諸法，前修說《易》，行之日久，並非首出，跡證可循，據此，謂之能明前人方法而非首創途徑者，應屬可信。其三，李玄錫撰作《易義窺斑》，表象上所依據的是以程、朱《易》學為宗的宋元學問，實際上幾乎全然淵源於《周易傳義大全》，所論所述，並未有所超越，所以雖然於人君有勸戒期望，於《易》義卻無積極貢獻。其四，《易義窺斑》與《周易傳義大全》的關係，展現了朝鮮士人認識宋元《易》學的面貌，即透過《大全》理解程、朱，而非緊據程、朱理解程、朱，因而難以釐清其確實的學術淵源。如是的知識途徑，或許可以作為觀察明代士人經書學習面向的著眼點。

Based on The True Record of the Joseon Dynasty, Journal of the RoyalSecretariat and the narration from Li Xuan Xi, this study concludes that Li XuanXi completed his book Yi Yi Kui Ban no later than 1691, Joseon Sukjong 17thyear. This shows that Korean scholar Jin Jiao Bin, who suggested that the bookwas approximately completed in 1680, was incorrect. My study compares thecontents of the book with other related materials, such as Zhouyi Zhushu, YiCheng zhuan, Yi ben yi, Zhouyi zhuanyi daquan, and the documents of theimperial lecture on Zhouyi from the scholars in Joseon Sukjong. My new findingsinclude the following: First, Li Xuan Xi is ordered to learn Yi by the emperor andmake Yi part of his imperial lectures later. However, no historical record showsthat his imperial lectures were about Zhouyi; the book of Yi Yi Kui Ban onlyshows Li Xuan Xi made the book to the imperial lecture, but it did not record thatLi did the lectures on Zhouyi to the emperor. Second, the method he used in thebook is not new. It was the regular method for the scholars dealing with Yi at thattime. Li Xuan Xi might just follow the old method to deal with Yi. Third, thebook of Yi Yi Kui Ban by Li Xuan Xi was not originated from Yi of Cheng-Zhu. Itwas originated from Zhou yi zhuan yi da quan. The book had less significantcontribution to the study of Yi than the emperor expected. Fourth, the relationbetween Yi Yi Kui Ban and Zhou yi zhuan yi da quan shows that Korean scholarsin Qing/Joseon Dynasty learned the Yi of Cheng-Zhu from Zhou yi zhuan yi daquan, not directly from Cheng-Zhu, Scholars will find difficult to make a claimon the real origin of the book.