陳傅良《春秋後傳》的解經方法

Chen Fuliang’s Interpretation of the Classics in his Chunqiu Houzhuan

本文以南宋陳傅良《春秋後傳》為研究對象，從經學史與學術史兩條脈絡，考察是書的解經方法。陳傅良依循呂祖謙詮解《左傳》的研究模式，發揮永嘉學派「通世變」的治學綱領，對春秋史事提出歷史敘述與解釋，並將之作為判斷標準，廓清《春秋》經文書辭的異同，推尋聖筆褒貶與麟經大義。這不僅延續兩漢《公羊》學的解經傳統，也體現永嘉學派經、史兼治的學術特色，較蘇轍、朱熹、呂大圭、黃震等輩更能落實經、史交融的方法。而此動機是不滿程門後學將形上「理欲」扣緊《春秋》的治學理路，因此選擇將形下「世變」融貫《春秋》，以歷史制度和具體事功為導向，矯正漸已淪於虛誕空無的程門學風，並試圖藉此躋身學林，有意躍升為學術之主流。

This article studies Chunqiu Houzhuan (Later Commentary on Spring and Autumn Annals) written by Chen Fuliang (1137-1203) in the Southern Song Dynasty. It investigates the way of interpreting the Classics in this book under the contexts of the history of the Classics and academic history. Chen Fuliang followed the research mode that Lu Zuqian (1137-1181) had used to interpret Zuo Zhuan (Commentary of Zuo), and further developed the research guidelines ''Penetration of Worldly Changes” from Yongjia School so as to make historical narration and interpretation of the historical events in the Spring and Autumn Period. He regarded the guidelines as criteria to clarify Chunqiu’s textual differences and sought the true meanings in its praise and criticism. This not only extended the tradition of interpreting the Classics in the Gongyang Zhuan (Commentary of Gongyang) learning in the Han Dynasty, but also embodied the academic characteristics of Yongjia School both in studying the Classics and history. Comparing with such scholars as Su Che (1039-1112), Zhu Xi (1130-1200), Lu Dagui (1227-1275), and Huang Zhen (1213-1281), Chen had better methodology in integrating the studies of Classics into historical research. Such integration was motivated by his dissatisfaction with the post-Cheng Neo-Confucianism scholars who attached the metaphysical idea of “heavenly principles vs. human desires” to Chunqiu. He therefore decided to take the physical idea of “changes in the world” in understanding Chunqiu. As such, his ideas became the academic mainstream and thus raised his reputation in academia in terms of adjusting Cheng Sect’s absurd and nihilistic learning climate to concrete historical descriptions and happenings.