鹽鐵會議的政治義涵新探──霍光的意圖與桑弘羊在處境認知上的盲點

New Interpretation on the Discussion on Salt and Iron— The Political Intention of Huo Guang and the Unperceived Situation of Sang Hong-yang

歷來學者多將鹽鐵會議視為中朝的霍光打擊外朝的桑弘羊的鬥爭。本文分由參與鹽鐵會議不同人物的表現的角度，進行分析，認為將霍光發動鹽鐵會議，解讀為打擊桑弘羊的鬥爭，難以成立。如何在繼承武帝的事業與「與民休息」間取得平衡，是霍光要面對的問題，依循此一架構，本文重新探討霍光的政治意圖。本文也論述〈輪臺詔〉不是帝國路線的根本改變，因而將鹽鐵會議視為繼續執行武帝〈輪臺詔〉與否的鬥爭，就失去了根據。桑弘羊無法超越政策辯護者的立場，眼光侷限在「為國家興榷筦之利」的貢獻，看不到霍光召開鹽鐵會議的政治意圖。霍光召開鹽鐵會議的目的雖不在鬥倒桑弘羊，但桑弘羊在不自覺中淪為霍光的棋子，在進行一場為霍光作嫁的論爭。

For years, researchers have regarded the Discussion on Salt and Iron as the conflict between Huo Guang (？-68B.C.) and Sang Hong-yang (155B.C.-80B.C.) as a political approach to take absolute power in which Huo Guang in the inner palace used to crash Sang Hong-yang in the outer palace. However, after analyzing the main characters in the Discussion on Salt and Iron from different aspects, this study cannot agree with the interpretation of previous studies. How to balance the expansionism of Emperor Wu of Han (ruling from 141 B.C. to 87 B.C.) and returning the people peace and security was the problem that Huo Guang should be faced with. Based on the issue, this study discusses and interprets the political intention of Huo Guang. Also, this study points out that the “Luntai Imperial Order” did not lead to the fundamental changes of the policy of the Han Dynasty; the Discussion on Salt and Iron could not be regarded as an extension of the Order. Sang Hong-yang could not transcend his stance as a defender of national policies, limiting himself to only see the benefits of monopolizing and could not understand the political intention of Huo Guang to hold the Discussion on Salt and Iron. Although Huo Guang aimed not to oppose to Sang Hong-yang in the Discussion on Salt and Iron, Sang became a pawn in Huo Guang's political game.