論IMO會員國（海事履約）審核機制──兼論中國大陸之實踐

An Analysis of the IMO Member State Audit Scheme: Perspective of China's Practice

一九五九年IMO成立至今，在維護海上保安、安全、防治海上污染及管理有關事項上，已制訂多達53個公約和議定書以及高達800多個規則與建議書。然會員國長期履約不力導致全球海域仍充滿「不合格船舶」。本文針對IMO會員國審核機制的框架與發展作一詳細介紹的同時，亦檢視中國海事履約的法律實踐，並佐以中國於二○○九年接受IMO會員國自願性審核之實踐經驗為基礎，提供未來提升履約水平的政策性建議，以面對二○二一年強制性審核的到來。

IMO has stipulated over 53 Conventions and Protocols, and reached more than 800 official instruments related to maritime safety, security and pollution prevention and control since 1959's the IMO established. However, lacking of implementing and enforcing such IMO mandatory instruments fully and effectively from member States, which due to “sub-standard ships” exist in the world maritime zone today. First, this paper address the framework and development of IMO Member State Audit Scheme. Then, review China's domestic legal practice on maritime implementation. Finally, China as auditee in “Voluntary IMO Member State Audit Scheme” at 2009's, this paper also offers some policy suggestions to improve effective implementation for the new round of “IMO Member State Audit Scheme” at 2021's.