國際海事組織與中國──以港口國管制為核心

International Maritime Organization and People's Republic of China: With Focus on Port State Control

在《聯合國海洋法公約》之逐漸發展下，透過「法律參照」模式援引「國際海事組織」相關公約文件，以確保海事安全與保全。在落實相關規則和標準上，雖然存在落差，但為能落實相關規範，「區域性港口國管制機制」之發展在歐洲之《巴黎備忘錄》開啟濫觴之後，逐漸被確立。在亞太地區則成立了《東京備忘錄》，援引部分「國際海事組織」通過之公約文件，作為管制標準。作為一個海運大國，中國如何因應此等管制領域中之逐漸發展，值得關注。不論對外在「國際海事組織」與《東京備忘錄》組織之參與度，以及對《東京備忘錄》所引海事公約文件之接受度；或是對內國內海事管理機關之建立，以及國內規範之整合發展，均已有成熟發展。若為求其精進，或可自行提高標準，但仍無礙於其往更為優質之海運大國邁進。

In the progressive development of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, relevant conventions and documents adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have been referred to through the rule-referencing mode to ensure maritime safety and security. In order to enforce the rules and standards adopted, the regional port State control system has been developed after the initiative of Paris MoU in Europe. In the Asia-Pacific region, the Tokyo MoU was established. China as the major maritime power responded to this development. It highly participated in the IMO and Tokyo MoU organization as well as accepted most of the conventions that the Tokyo MoU referred to. Also established is its Maritime Safety Administration; adopted are integrated domestic rules of ship safety control system. If China still needs to improve its system, to raise its standards would be an option. No matter how, there would not be any obstacle for China to form a maritime power with high-standard and quality in legal enforcement.