海商法對傭船契約規範修正之建議

Suggestions on the Modification of Taiwan's Maritime Law Governing Charterparties

國際間並無特別為傭船契約制定之國際公約。在英美法系國家，對於傭船契約之規範主要尊重契約自由原則，並依其普通法所建立之判例及原則，以解決當事人間之爭議。而在成文法系國家，亦以尊重契約當事人間之約定為原則。但若契約未規定，則以其海商法（或商法）及民法等成文法規範。惟海商法應如何規範傭船契約，包括：規範之架構及內容，各國仍有差異。本文比較分析成文法系國家，包括：日本、德國、韓國、中國大陸、挪威及我國現行海商法在規範架構、通則、運送人或船舶所有人之義務及權利、傭船人之權利義務及契約之解除，並參酌臺灣海商法學會建議修正之相關條文，提出我國海商法對傭船契約規範之建議。

There is no existing international convention having particularly been enacted for governing charterparties. Under common law system, it is based on freedom of contract and those rules established by common law system for determining the disputes arising from the charterparties. Under statutory law system, certain statutory provisions are enacted to govern charterparties unless the parties to contract agree otherwise. Nevertheless, the statutory provisions vary to certain extents among different countries. It, therefore, needs to explore how maritime law governs charterparties. This article compares and analyzes relevant statutory provisions of Japan, Germany, Korea, mainland China, Norway, and Taiwan, including the governing structure, the obligations and the rights of carriers and charterers, as well as the repudiation of the contract. It also considers those provisions which have been suggested by Taiwan Maritime Law Association, in order to provide suggestions for the future modification of Taiwan, s maritime law.